Public pay compared with private pay using Current Population Survey data, by public-sector legal frameworks
| Legal framework | Wages | Compensation |
|---|---|---|
| Panel A | Log of | Log of |
| Full collective bargaining states | -5.9% | 0.6% |
| -0.004 | 0.04 | |
| Partial or mixed collective bargaining states | -12.2% | -3.9% |
| 0.006 | 0.004 | |
| States prohibiting collective bargaining | -15.6% | -7.8% |
| 0.007 | 0.006 | |
| Non right–to-work states | -7.2% | 2.7% |
| 0.005 | 0.004 | |
| Right-to-work states | -12.9% | -6.4% |
| 0.004 | 0.004 | |
| Panel B | Annual | Annual |
| Full collective bargaining states | -$11,566.43 | -$7,345.00 |
| Partial or mixed collective bargaining states | -$12,680.72 | -$11,214.61 |
| States prohibiting collective bargaining | -$17,140.62 | -$18,106.18 |
| Non right-to-work states | -$11,353.56 | -$6,894.36 |
| Right-to-work states | -$13,270.62 | -$12,707.16 |
Note: Data are for state and local government workers. The regressions are adjusted by state and control for educational attainment, experience, experience square, race and ethnicity (black, Hispanic, Asian), gender (women), disabled status, location (in a metro area), marital status, citizenship (noncitizen), and work status (part-time).
Source: Author's analysis of pooled 2009–2013 data from the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement and, for the compensation markup, regional Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data for June 2013 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics