Public pay compared with private pay using American Community Survey data, by public-sector legal framework
| Legal framework | Wages | Compensation |
|---|---|---|
| Panel A | Log of | Log of |
| Full collective bargaining states | -4.6% | -0.5% |
| Partial collective bargaining states | -13.7% | -8.5% |
| States prohibiting collective bargaining | -17.9% | -15.4% |
| Agency states (non-RTW) | -5.2% | -0.8% |
| Right-to-work states (RTW) | -14.1% | -10.4% |
| Panel B | Annual | Annual |
| Full collective bargaining states | -$11,667 | -$8,444 |
| Partial collective bargaining states | -$12,391 | -$9,266 |
| States prohibiting collective bargaining | -$18,512 | -$17,937 |
| Agency states (non-RTW) | -$12,851 | -$8,385 |
| Right-to-work states (RTW) | -$13,227 | -$9,413 |
Note: Data are for state and local government workers. The regressions are adjusted by state and control for educational attainment, experience, experience square, race and ethnicity (black, Hispanic, Asian), gender (women), disabled status, location (in a metro area), marital status, citizenship (non-citizen), and work status (part-time).
Source: Author's analysis of pooled 2010–2013 data from the American Community Survey (Ruggles et al.) and, for the compensation markup, regional Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data for June 2013 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.