Employment multipliers per $1 million in final demand, by major private-sector industry group

Major industry group Direct jobs Supplier jobs* Induced jobs** Total indirect jobs
Agriculture, forest, fishing, and hunting 5.9 5.4 4.8 10.1
Mining 1.3 3.4 2.5 5.9
Utilities 1.0 4.5 5.9 10.4
Construction 5.5 4.8 6.1 10.9
Durable manufacturing 1.8 4.9 11.6 16.5
Nondurable manufacturing 2.6 4.3 10.4 14.7
Wholesale trade 3.8 4.1 4.3 8.4
Retail trade 9.9 4.6 6.1 10.6
Transportation and warehousing 4.7 5.4 6.0 11.3
Information 2.0 4.5 6.4 10.9
Finance and insurance 3.1 4.7 6.2 10.8
Real estate and rental leasing 1.4 5.4 17.2 22.6
Professional, scientific, and technical services 4.3 4.8 10.4 15.3
Management of companies 3.6 5.2 7.2 12.4
Administrative and support services and waste management 10.6 5.0 8.1 13.1
Educational services 9.1 5.4 9.2 14.6
Health care and social assistance 7.8 5.3 8.2 13.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 6.5 6.5 16.0 22.5
Accommodation and food services 11.5 6.3 7.0 13.2
Other services (except public administration) 8.7 5.3 8.7 14.0

* Includes materials and capital services supplier jobs

** Includes jobs supported by respending of income from direct jobs and supplier jobs, as well as public-sector jobs supported by tax revenue

Notes: See methods appendix for derivation. The industry-specific multipliers from Appendix Table A2 are weighted and summed across industries within major industry groups to get the multipliers in this table. For the per-$1-million multipliers, the weight used is an output weight (weights are included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Requirements Matrices data).

Source: EPI analysis of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Employment Requirements Matrices, the BLS Current Employment Statistics program, and the Bureau of Economic Analysis GDP-by-industry accounts

View the underlying data on epi.org.