Employment multipliers per $1 million in final demand, by major private-sector industry group
Major industry group | Direct jobs | Supplier jobs* | Induced jobs** | Total indirect jobs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture, forest, fishing, and hunting | 5.9 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 10.1 |
Mining | 1.3 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 5.9 |
Utilities | 1.0 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 10.4 |
Construction | 5.5 | 4.8 | 6.1 | 10.9 |
Durable manufacturing | 1.8 | 4.9 | 11.6 | 16.5 |
Nondurable manufacturing | 2.6 | 4.3 | 10.4 | 14.7 |
Wholesale trade | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 8.4 |
Retail trade | 9.9 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 10.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | 4.7 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 11.3 |
Information | 2.0 | 4.5 | 6.4 | 10.9 |
Finance and insurance | 3.1 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 10.8 |
Real estate and rental leasing | 1.4 | 5.4 | 17.2 | 22.6 |
Professional, scientific, and technical services | 4.3 | 4.8 | 10.4 | 15.3 |
Management of companies | 3.6 | 5.2 | 7.2 | 12.4 |
Administrative and support services and waste management | 10.6 | 5.0 | 8.1 | 13.1 |
Educational services | 9.1 | 5.4 | 9.2 | 14.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 7.8 | 5.3 | 8.2 | 13.5 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 6.5 | 6.5 | 16.0 | 22.5 |
Accommodation and food services | 11.5 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 13.2 |
Other services (except public administration) | 8.7 | 5.3 | 8.7 | 14.0 |
* Includes materials and capital services supplier jobs
** Includes jobs supported by respending of income from direct jobs and supplier jobs, as well as public-sector jobs supported by tax revenue
Notes: See methods appendix for derivation. The industry-specific multipliers from Appendix Table A2 are weighted and summed across industries within major industry groups to get the multipliers in this table. For the per-$1-million multipliers, the weight used is an output weight (weights are included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Requirements Matrices data).
Source: EPI analysis of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Employment Requirements Matrices, the BLS Current Employment Statistics program, and the Bureau of Economic Analysis GDP-by-industry accounts