Employment multipliers per $1 million in final demand, all private-sector industries
Industry | Direct jobs | Supplier jobs* | Induced jobs** | Total indirect jobs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting | |||||
1 | Crop production | 6.96 | 5.18 | 3.84 | 9.02 |
2 | Animal production and aquaculture | 5.13 | 5.77 | 3.49 | 9.26 |
3 | Forestry | 2.62 | 7.49 | 3.26 | 10.74 |
4 | Logging | 5.45 | 8.18 | 4.80 | 12.98 |
5 | Fishing, hunting, and trapping | 3.03 | 3.53 | 1.79 | 5.32 |
6 | Support activities for agriculture and forestry | 5.09 | 4.06 | 2.61 | 6.66 |
Mining | |||||
7 | Oil and gas extraction | 0.72 | 2.72 | 1.17 | 3.89 |
8 | Coal mining | 1.27 | 4.19 | 2.15 | 6.34 |
9 | Metal ore mining | 1.17 | 3.73 | 1.81 | 5.54 |
10 | Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying | 2.69 | 3.72 | 2.60 | 6.31 |
11 | Support activities for mining | 3.55 | 4.31 | 3.74 | 8.06 |
Utilities | |||||
12 | Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution | 1.06 | 4.23 | 1.75 | 5.98 |
13 | Natural gas distribution | 0.99 | 4.52 | 1.80 | 6.32 |
14 | Water, sewage, and other systems | 0.67 | 10.46 | 2.02 | 12.48 |
Construction | |||||
15 | Construction | 5.45 | 4.80 | 4.88 | 9.68 |
Nondurable manufacturing | |||||
16 | Animal food manufacturing | 0.98 | 6.72 | 2.84 | 9.55 |
17 | Grain and oilseed milling | 0.69 | 7.38 | 2.95 | 10.33 |
18 | Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing | 2.59 | 5.52 | 3.07 | 8.58 |
19 | Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing | 2.50 | 6.75 | 3.59 | 10.34 |
20 | Dairy product manufacturing | 1.39 | 7.80 | 3.56 | 11.36 |
21 | Animal slaughtering and processing | 2.80 | 7.13 | 3.54 | 10.67 |
22 | Seafood product preparation and packaging | 3.44 | 4.62 | 2.91 | 7.53 |
23 | Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing | 4.40 | 7.50 | 4.40 | 11.90 |
24 | Other food manufacturing | 1.87 | 6.29 | 2.96 | 9.25 |
25 | Beverage manufacturing | 1.95 | 6.13 | 3.10 | 9.23 |
26 | Tobacco manufacturing | 0.22 | 7.52 | 1.43 | 8.96 |
27 | Textile mills and textile product mills | 3.81 | 4.19 | 3.59 | 7.78 |
28 | Apparel, leather, and allied product manufacturing | 3.50 | 5.89 | 4.30 | 10.19 |
29 | Sawmills and wood preservation | 3.42 | 6.08 | 3.83 | 9.91 |
30 | Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product manufacturing | 3.93 | 5.38 | 4.05 | 9.43 |
31 | Other wood product manufacturing | 4.88 | 4.75 | 4.20 | 8.95 |
32 | Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills | 1.24 | 5.79 | 2.70 | 8.50 |
33 | Converted paper product manufacturing | 2.47 | 4.60 | 3.27 | 7.87 |
34 | Printing and related support activities | 4.88 | 4.49 | 4.46 | 8.95 |
35 | Petroleum and coal products manufacturing | 0.22 | 2.08 | 1.11 | 3.20 |
36 | Basic chemical manufacturing | 0.69 | 5.63 | 2.25 | 7.89 |
37 | Resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing | 0.73 | 4.67 | 2.36 | 7.03 |
38 | Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing | 0.89 | 4.54 | 1.96 | 6.49 |
39 | Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing | 1.14 | 4.49 | 2.06 | 6.55 |
40 | Paint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing | 1.50 | 4.43 | 2.64 | 7.08 |
41 | Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing | 1.39 | 5.01 | 1.88 | 6.89 |
42 | Other chemical product and preparation manufacturing | 1.60 | 4.20 | 2.79 | 6.99 |
43 | Plastics product manufacturing | 2.93 | 4.90 | 3.25 | 8.15 |
44 | Rubber product manufacturing | 3.15 | 4.53 | 3.23 | 7.76 |
Durable manufacturing | |||||
45 | Clay product and refractory manufacturing | 5.31 | 4.17 | 4.28 | 8.46 |
46 | Glass and glass product manufacturing | 3.71 | 4.68 | 3.56 | 8.24 |
47 | Cement and concrete product manufacturing | 4.32 | 4.56 | 3.91 | 8.47 |
48 | Lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing | 2.85 | 4.95 | 3.04 | 7.99 |
49 | Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing | 0.81 | 5.01 | 2.47 | 7.48 |
50 | Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel | 0.80 | 6.79 | 3.51 | 10.30 |
51 | Alumina and aluminum production and processing | 2.03 | 4.35 | 2.94 | 7.29 |
52 | Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing | 1.40 | 4.29 | 2.38 | 6.67 |
53 | Foundries | 4.01 | 4.28 | 3.67 | 7.95 |
54 | Forging and stamping | 2.47 | 4.62 | 3.20 | 7.81 |
55 | Cutlery and handtool manufacturing | 2.87 | 4.79 | 3.39 | 8.18 |
56 | Architectural and structural metals manufacturing | 4.00 | 4.63 | 4.01 | 8.63 |
57 | Boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing | 2.51 | 4.34 | 3.13 | 7.47 |
58 | Hardware manufacturing | 2.83 | 4.57 | 3.36 | 7.93 |
59 | Spring and wire product manufacturing | 3.62 | 4.81 | 4.04 | 8.85 |
60 | Machine shops; turned product; and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing | 5.03 | 4.30 | 4.41 | 8.71 |
61 | Coating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities | 4.63 | 4.23 | 3.73 | 7.96 |
62 | Other fabricated metal product manufacturing | 3.29 | 4.58 | 3.55 | 8.12 |
63 | Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery manufacturing | 1.87 | 4.64 | 3.11 | 7.75 |
64 | Industrial machinery manufacturing | 2.83 | 4.38 | 4.22 | 8.60 |
65 | Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing | 2.26 | 4.85 | 3.47 | 8.33 |
66 | HVAC equipment manufacturing | 2.89 | 4.56 | 3.21 | 7.76 |
67 | Metalworking machinery manufacturing | 4.36 | 4.70 | 4.59 | 9.29 |
68 | Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing | 1.75 | 4.83 | 3.28 | 8.10 |
69 | Other general purpose machinery manufacturing | 2.28 | 4.57 | 3.25 | 7.82 |
70 | Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing | 4.37 | 2.46 | 4.48 | 6.95 |
71 | Communications equipment manufacturing | 1.65 | 2.12 | 2.12 | 4.24 |
72 | Audio and video equipment manufacturing | 3.05 | 4.74 | 3.58 | 8.32 |
73 | Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing | 2.96 | 2.75 | 2.93 | 5.68 |
74 | Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing | 2.13 | 3.38 | 2.76 | 6.14 |
75 | Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media | 2.76 | 3.42 | 3.80 | 7.22 |
76 | Electric lighting equipment manufacturing | 3.67 | 4.56 | 4.43 | 9.00 |
77 | Household appliance manufacturing | 3.23 | 4.58 | 4.02 | 8.60 |
78 | Electrical equipment manufacturing | 3.35 | 3.94 | 3.51 | 7.45 |
79 | Other electrical equipment and component manufacturing | 2.45 | 4.09 | 2.81 | 6.90 |
80 | Motor vehicle manufacturing | 0.50 | 4.71 | 2.48 | 7.19 |
81 | Motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing | 2.02 | 5.08 | 3.65 | 8.73 |
82 | Motor vehicle parts manufacturing | 2.03 | 4.26 | 3.27 | 7.53 |
83 | Aerospace product and parts manufacturing | 2.13 | 3.85 | 3.33 | 7.17 |
84 | Railroad rolling stock manufacturing | 1.91 | 4.39 | 3.56 | 7.96 |
85 | Ship and boat building | 3.93 | 4.47 | 4.51 | 8.98 |
86 | Other transportation equipment manufacturing | 1.38 | 4.72 | 2.85 | 7.57 |
87 | Household and institutional furniture and kitchen cabinet manufacturing | 6.59 | 4.93 | 4.97 | 9.89 |
88 | Office furniture (including fixtures) manufacturing | 4.02 | 5.03 | 3.70 | 8.73 |
89 | Other furniture-related product manufacturing | 3.51 | 5.71 | 3.77 | 9.48 |
90 | Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing | 3.03 | 4.63 | 3.28 | 7.91 |
91 | Other miscellaneous manufacturing | 3.35 | 5.38 | 3.92 | 9.30 |
Wholesale trade | |||||
92 | Wholesale trade | 3.79 | 4.07 | 3.61 | 7.68 |
Retail trade | |||||
93 | Motor vehicle and parts dealers | 7.37 | 3.85 | 4.76 | 8.61 |
94 | Food and beverage stores | 13.62 | 4.17 | 5.53 | 9.70 |
95 | General merchandise stores | 13.77 | 4.23 | 5.87 | 10.10 |
96 | Other retail | 8.57 | 4.96 | 4.93 | 9.89 |
Transportation and warehousing | |||||
97 | Air transportation | 2.50 | 4.03 | 2.91 | 6.93 |
98 | Rail transportation | 2.64 | 4.27 | 2.64 | 6.91 |
99 | Water transportation | 1.06 | 5.80 | 2.43 | 8.22 |
100 | Truck transportation | 5.01 | 5.42 | 4.16 | 9.58 |
101 | Transit and ground passenger transportation | 8.04 | 8.84 | 4.93 | 13.77 |
102 | Pipeline transportation | 1.46 | 3.18 | 1.45 | 4.63 |
103 | Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation | 4.99 | 6.71 | 4.39 | 11.11 |
104 | Couriers and messengers | 6.90 | 5.83 | 5.01 | 10.83 |
105 | Warehousing and storage | 9.18 | 4.88 | 5.37 | 10.25 |
Information | |||||
106 | Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers | 3.44 | 5.33 | 3.91 | 9.24 |
107 | Software publishers | 1.96 | 3.80 | 3.54 | 7.34 |
108 | Motion picture, video, and sound recording industries | 3.42 | 3.30 | 3.29 | 6.59 |
109 | Radio and television broadcasting | 2.24 | 4.38 | 3.17 | 7.55 |
110 | Cable and other subscription programming | 0.62 | 4.38 | 1.93 | 6.32 |
111 | Wired telecommunications carriers | 1.49 | 4.24 | 2.41 | 6.65 |
112 | Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) | 0.50 | 4.71 | 1.88 | 6.58 |
113 | Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications | 1.65 | 4.41 | 2.84 | 7.25 |
114 | Data processing, hosting, and related services | 1.92 | 6.46 | 4.47 | 10.93 |
115 | Other information services | 2.37 | 5.17 | 3.90 | 9.07 |
Finance and insurance | |||||
116 | Monetary authorities, credit intermediation, and related activities | 3.73 | 4.20 | 3.74 | 7.94 |
117 | Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and related activities | 1.78 | 5.23 | 3.85 | 9.08 |
118 | Insurance carriers | 2.55 | 4.83 | 3.73 | 8.56 |
119 | Agencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities | 6.44 | 4.07 | 5.72 | 9.79 |
Real estate and rental leasing | |||||
120 | Real estate | 1.40 | 5.34 | 2.32 | 7.66 |
121 | Automotive equipment rental and leasing | 1.61 | 6.05 | 3.12 | 9.17 |
122 | Consumer goods rental and general rental centers | 4.55 | 6.82 | 4.36 | 11.19 |
123 | Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing | 1.41 | 4.87 | 2.53 | 7.39 |
124 | Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) | 0.13 | 5.77 | 2.14 | 7.91 |
Professional, scientific, and technical services | |||||
125 | Legal services | 4.07 | 3.63 | 4.53 | 8.16 |
126 | Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services | 6.42 | 3.34 | 5.22 | 8.56 |
127 | Architectural, engineering, and related services | 5.41 | 4.87 | 6.17 | 11.04 |
128 | Specialized design services | 7.48 | 5.05 | 7.29 | 12.34 |
129 | Computer systems design and related services | 4.03 | 5.41 | 6.02 | 11.43 |
130 | Management, scientific, and technical consulting services | 5.12 | 4.66 | 5.96 | 10.63 |
131 | Scientific research and development services | 1.29 | 6.68 | 4.17 | 10.85 |
132 | Advertising, public relations, and related services | 1.43 | 6.58 | 3.87 | 10.45 |
133 | Other professional, scientific, and technical services | 6.10 | 4.32 | 5.10 | 9.41 |
Management of companies | |||||
134 | Management of companies and enterprises | 3.59 | 5.18 | 4.97 | 10.16 |
Administrative and support services and waste management | |||||
135 | Office administrative services | 7.71 | 4.00 | 6.81 | 10.81 |
136 | Facilities support services | 4.44 | 6.23 | 4.29 | 10.52 |
137 | Employment services | 12.79 | 4.01 | 6.41 | 10.41 |
138 | Business support services | 10.99 | 6.00 | 6.83 | 12.83 |
139 | Travel arrangement and reservation services | 4.59 | 6.13 | 4.88 | 11.00 |
140 | Investigation and security services | 14.74 | 4.54 | 6.93 | 11.47 |
141 | Services to buildings and dwellings | 15.18 | 4.52 | 7.03 | 11.55 |
142 | Other support services | 5.77 | 6.92 | 5.53 | 12.45 |
143 | Waste management and remediation services | 4.30 | 5.66 | 4.29 | 9.95 |
Educational services | |||||
144 | Elementary and secondary schools (private) | 19.35 | 4.71 | 12.61 | 17.32 |
145 | Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools (private) | 6.15 | 5.77 | 5.41 | 11.19 |
146 | Other educational services (private) | 10.29 | 4.91 | 7.58 | 12.49 |
Health care and social assistance | |||||
147 | Offices of physicians | 5.10 | 4.47 | 5.88 | 10.35 |
148 | Offices of dentists | 7.15 | 4.06 | 6.15 | 10.21 |
149 | Offices of other health practitioners | 9.40 | 4.05 | 6.42 | 10.48 |
150 | Outpatient care centers | 6.93 | 5.00 | 6.10 | 11.10 |
151 | Medical and diagnostic laboratories | 5.38 | 4.55 | 4.94 | 9.49 |
152 | Home health care services | 13.32 | 5.54 | 7.53 | 13.07 |
153 | Other ambulatory health care services | 6.06 | 4.97 | 4.73 | 9.70 |
154 | Hospitals (private) | 4.86 | 6.01 | 5.48 | 11.49 |
155 | Nursing and residential care facilities | 13.25 | 5.91 | 6.91 | 12.82 |
156 | Individual and family services | 22.36 | 5.12 | 9.77 | 14.89 |
157 | Community and vocational rehabilitation services | 9.73 | 5.89 | 5.82 | 11.70 |
158 | Child day care services | 21.17 | 5.04 | 8.23 | 13.27 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | |||||
159 | Performing arts companies | 3.55 | 7.41 | 5.38 | 12.78 |
160 | Spectator sports | 3.43 | 4.55 | 3.93 | 8.47 |
161 | Promoters of events, and agents and managers | 2.98 | 7.92 | 5.41 | 13.33 |
162 | Independent artists, writers, and performers | 6.90 | 5.09 | 6.88 | 11.97 |
163 | Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions | 8.25 | 6.24 | 6.31 | 12.55 |
164 | Amusement parks and arcades | 7.37 | 4.40 | 3.61 | 8.01 |
165 | Gambling industries (except casino hotels) | 1.20 | 9.83 | 2.75 | 12.57 |
166 | Other amusement and recreation industries | 12.31 | 6.46 | 6.79 | 13.25 |
Accommodation and food services | |||||
167 | Accommodation | 7.05 | 5.51 | 4.43 | 9.94 |
168 | Food services and drinking places | 13.15 | 6.53 | 6.15 | 12.67 |
Other services (except public administration) | |||||
169 | Automotive repair and maintenance | 5.41 | 6.79 | 4.80 | 11.59 |
170 | Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance | 2.37 | 6.65 | 3.94 | 10.59 |
171 | Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance | 3.18 | 5.44 | 3.80 | 9.24 |
172 | Personal and household goods repair and maintenance | 3.50 | 7.03 | 4.03 | 11.06 |
173 | Personal care services | 12.78 | 3.90 | 6.05 | 9.95 |
174 | Death care services | 6.20 | 2.40 | 3.54 | 5.94 |
175 | Drycleaning and laundry services | 9.06 | 6.03 | 4.80 | 10.83 |
176 | Other personal services | 4.39 | 5.72 | 3.28 | 9.00 |
177 | Religious organizations | 18.85 | 6.16 | 10.47 | 16.63 |
178 | Grantmaking and giving services and social advocacy organizations | 6.89 | 3.90 | 6.03 | 9.93 |
179 | Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations | 10.67 | 3.31 | 7.17 | 10.48 |
* Includes materials and capital services supplier jobs
** Includes jobs supported by respending of income from direct jobs and supplier jobs, as well as public-sector jobs supported by tax revenue
Note: Methods described in appendix.
Source: EPI analysis of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Employment Requirements Matrices, the BLS Current Employment Statistics program, and the Bureau of Economic Analysis GDP-by-industry accounts