Employment multipliers per 100 direct jobs, all private-sector industries

Industry Direct jobs Supplier jobs* Induced jobs** Total indirect jobs
Agriculture, forest, fishing, and hunting
1 Crop production 100.0 74.4 55.2 129.6
2 Animal production and aquaculture 100.0 112.4 68.0 180.4
3 Forestry 100.0 285.7 124.3 410.0
4 Logging 100.0 150.1 88.1 238.2
5 Fishing, hunting, and trapping 100.0 116.5 59.2 175.7
6 Support activities for agriculture and forestry 100.0 79.7 51.2 130.9
Mining
7 Oil and gas extraction 100.0 376.0 161.3 537.3
8 Coal mining 100.0 330.8 169.6 500.4
9 Metal ore mining 100.0 318.2 154.7 472.9
10 Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying 100.0 138.4 96.6 235.0
11 Support activities for mining 100.0 121.4 105.4 226.9
Utilities
12 Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution 100.0 399.1 165.2 564.3
13 Natural gas distribution 100.0 456.5 182.3 638.8
14 Water, sewage, and other systems 100.0 1,561.7 301.8 1,863.5
Construction
15 Construction 100.0 88.0 89.6 177.6
Nondurable manufacturing
16 Animal food manufacturing 100.0 688.1 290.6 978.7
17 Grain and oilseed milling 100.0 1,064.1 424.8 1,488.9
18 Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing 100.0 212.9 118.4 331.3
19 Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing 100.0 269.4 143.4 412.8
20 Dairy product manufacturing 100.0 559.4 255.4 814.9
21 Animal slaughtering and processing 100.0 254.7 126.3 380.9
22 Seafood product preparation and packaging 100.0 134.3 84.6 218.9
23 Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing 100.0 170.5 100.1 270.6
24 Other food manufacturing 100.0 335.9 158.3 494.2
25 Beverage manufacturing 100.0 314.7 159.1 473.8
26 Tobacco manufacturing 100.0 3,394.0 646.2 4,040.2
27 Textile mills and textile product mills 100.0 109.9 94.2 204.1
28 Apparel, leather, and allied product manufacturing 100.0 168.4 122.8 291.2
29 Sawmills and wood preservation 100.0 177.8 112.1 289.9
30 Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product manufacturing 100.0 137.0 103.2 240.2
31 Other wood product manufacturing 100.0 97.3 86.2 183.5
32 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 100.0 468.3 218.3 686.6
33 Converted paper product manufacturing 100.0 186.3 132.7 319.0
34 Printing and related support activities 100.0 92.1 91.3 183.4
35 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing 100.0 945.9 504.7 1,450.7
36 Basic chemical manufacturing 100.0 822.0 329.1 1,151.1
37 Resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing 100.0 635.7 321.9 957.6
38 Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing 100.0 510.0 220.0 730.0
39 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 100.0 394.4 180.4 574.8
40 Paint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing 100.0 294.7 175.8 470.5
41 Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing 100.0 360.1 134.9 495.1
42 Other chemical product and preparation manufacturing 100.0 262.6 174.1 436.6
43 Plastics product manufacturing 100.0 167.3 111.0 278.3
44 Rubber product manufacturing 100.0 143.5 102.4 245.9
Durable manufacturing
45 Clay product and refractory manufacturing 100.0 78.6 80.7 159.3
46 Glass and glass product manufacturing 100.0 126.0 96.0 222.0
47 Cement and concrete product manufacturing 100.0 105.5 90.4 195.9
48 Lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 100.0 173.7 106.6 280.3
49 Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing 100.0 618.2 305.6 923.7
50 Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel 100.0 849.4 439.7 1,289.1
51 Alumina and aluminum production and processing 100.0 214.3 145.0 359.2
52 Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing 100.0 306.5 169.8 476.2
53 Foundries 100.0 106.6 91.6 198.2
54 Forging and stamping 100.0 186.9 129.3 316.2
55 Cutlery and handtool manufacturing 100.0 166.9 118.1 285.1
56 Architectural and structural metals manufacturing 100.0 115.7 100.3 216.0
57 Boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing 100.0 172.6 124.8 297.4
58 Hardware manufacturing 100.0 161.6 118.9 280.5
59 Spring and wire product manufacturing 100.0 132.7 111.5 244.2
60 Machine shops; turned product; and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing 100.0 85.5 87.8 173.4
61 Coating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities 100.0 91.5 80.5 172.0
62 Other fabricated metal product manufacturing 100.0 139.1 107.9 247.0
63 Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery manufacturing 100.0 248.3 166.7 415.0
64 Industrial machinery manufacturing 100.0 155.1 149.2 304.4
65 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing 100.0 215.1 154.0 369.1
66 HVAC equipment manufacturing 100.0 157.8 111.1 268.9
67 Metalworking machinery manufacturing 100.0 107.9 105.2 213.1
68 Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing 100.0 275.3 186.9 462.2
69 Other general purpose machinery manufacturing 100.0 200.3 142.4 342.7
70 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing 100.0 56.3 102.5 158.8
71 Communications equipment manufacturing 100.0 128.4 128.5 256.9
72 Audio and video equipment manufacturing 100.0 155.4 117.1 272.5
73 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing 100.0 92.9 99.3 192.2
74 Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing 100.0 158.7 129.7 288.4
75 Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media 100.0 123.7 137.7 261.4
76 Electric lighting equipment manufacturing 100.0 124.2 120.7 244.9
77 Household appliance manufacturing 100.0 141.8 124.5 266.3
78 Electrical equipment manufacturing 100.0 117.8 104.8 222.6
79 Other electrical equipment and component manufacturing 100.0 166.8 114.5 281.3
80 Motor vehicle manufacturing 100.0 935.8 492.1 1,428.0
81 Motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing 100.0 251.1 180.6 431.7
82 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing 100.0 209.8 161.2 371.0
83 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing 100.0 180.2 156.0 336.2
84 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing 100.0 229.6 186.3 415.9
85 Ship and boat building 100.0 113.9 114.9 228.8
86 Other transportation equipment manufacturing 100.0 342.1 206.7 548.8
87 Household and institutional furniture and kitchen cabinet manufacturing 100.0 74.7 75.3 150.0
88 Office furniture (including fixtures) manufacturing 100.0 124.9 92.0 217.0
89 Other furniture-related product manufacturing 100.0 163.0 107.5 270.6
90 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing 100.0 153.2 108.3 261.4
91 Other miscellaneous manufacturing 100.0 160.4 116.8 277.2
Wholesale trade
92 Wholesale trade 100.0 107.3 95.1 202.5
Retail trade
93 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 100.0 52.2 64.6 116.8
94 Food and beverage stores 100.0 30.6 40.6 71.2
95 General merchandise stores 100.0 30.7 42.6 73.4
96 Other retail 100.0 57.9 57.6 115.5
Transportation and warehousing
97 Air transportation 100.0 161.3 116.5 277.8
98 Rail transportation 100.0 161.6 100.1 261.7
99 Water transportation 100.0 545.5 228.4 773.9
100 Truck transportation 100.0 108.2 83.1 191.3
101 Transit and ground passenger transportation 100.0 109.9 61.3 171.3
102 Pipeline transportation 100.0 218.5 99.3 317.8
103 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation 100.0 134.5 87.9 222.4
104 Couriers and messengers 100.0 84.5 72.6 157.1
105 Warehousing and storage 100.0 53.2 58.5 111.7
Information
106 Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers 100.0 154.7 113.6 268.3
107 Software publishers 100.0 193.6 180.3 373.8
108 Motion picture, video, and sound recording industries 100.0 96.5 96.4 192.9
109 Radio and television broadcasting 100.0 195.3 141.2 336.5
110 Cable and other subscription programming 100.0 711.8 314.1 1,025.9
111 Wired telecommunications carriers 100.0 284.0 161.7 445.7
112 Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) 100.0 936.9 374.2 1,311.1
113 Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications 100.0 266.7 171.9 438.6
114 Data processing, hosting, and related services 100.0 337.3 233.0 570.3
115 Other information services 100.0 218.0 164.5 382.5
Finance and insurance
116 Monetary authorities, credit intermediation, and related activities 100.0 112.7 100.4 213.1
117 Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and related activities 100.0 293.6 216.4 510.0
118 Insurance carriers 100.0 189.4 146.4 335.8
119 Agencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities 100.0 63.2 88.8 152.0
Real estate and rental leasing
120 Real estate 100.0 382.0 165.9 547.9
121 Automotive equipment rental and leasing 100.0 376.3 194.3 570.6
122 Consumer goods rental and general rental centers 100.0 150.1 96.0 246.1
123 Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing 100.0 344.9 178.9 523.8
124 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) 100.0 4,374.7 1,625.0 5,999.7
Professional, scientific, and technical services
125 Legal services 100.0 89.2 111.3 200.5
126 Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services 100.0 52.0 81.3 133.4
127 Architectural, engineering, and related services 100.0 90.0 114.1 204.1
128 Specialized design services 100.0 67.5 97.4 164.9
129 Computer systems design and related services 100.0 134.1 149.3 283.4
130 Management, scientific, and technical consulting services 100.0 91.1 116.5 207.6
131 Scientific research and development services 100.0 519.3 323.7 842.9
132 Advertising, public relations, and related services 100.0 460.9 270.7 731.6
133 Other professional, scientific, and technical services 100.0 70.8 83.6 154.3
Management of companies
134 Management of companies and enterprises 100.0 144.4 138.6 283.1
Administrative and support services and waste management
135 Office administrative services 100.0 51.9 88.4 140.3
136 Facilities support services 100.0 140.2 96.5 236.7
137 Employment services 100.0 31.3 50.1 81.4
138 Business support services 100.0 54.6 62.2 116.7
139 Travel arrangement and reservation services 100.0 133.7 106.3 240.0
140 Investigation and security services 100.0 30.8 47.0 77.9
141 Services to buildings and dwellings 100.0 29.8 46.3 76.1
142 Other support services 100.0 119.9 95.8 215.7
143 Waste management and remediation services 100.0 131.4 99.7 231.1
Educational services
144 Elementary and secondary schools (private) 100.0 24.3 65.2 89.5
145 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools (private) 100.0 93.9 88.1 182.0
146 Other educational services (private) 100.0 47.7 73.7 121.4
Health care and social assistance
147 Offices of physicians 100.0 87.5 115.3 202.8
148 Offices of dentists 100.0 56.9 86.0 142.9
149 Offices of other health practitioners 100.0 43.1 68.3 111.4
150 Outpatient care centers 100.0 72.1 88.0 160.1
151 Medical and diagnostic laboratories 100.0 84.6 92.0 176.6
152 Home health care services 100.0 41.6 56.5 98.1
153 Other ambulatory health care services 100.0 81.9 78.1 160.0
154 Hospitals (private) 100.0 123.7 112.7 236.5
155 Nursing and residential care facilities 100.0 44.6 52.1 96.7
156 Individual and family services 100.0 22.9 43.7 66.6
157 Community and vocational rehabilitation services 100.0 60.5 59.8 120.3
158 Child day care services 100.0 23.8 38.8 62.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
159 Performing arts companies 100.0 208.9 151.6 360.5
160 Spectator sports 100.0 132.5 114.4 246.9
161 Promoters of  events, and agents and managers 100.0 265.6 181.4 447.0
162 Independent artists, writers, and performers 100.0 73.7 99.7 173.5
163 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions 100.0 75.7 76.5 152.2
164 Amusement parks and arcades 100.0 59.7 49.0 108.7
165 Gambling industries (except casino hotels) 100.0 817.9 228.6 1,046.5
166 Other amusement and recreation industries 100.0 52.5 55.2 107.6
Accommodation and food services
167 Accommodation 100.0 78.2 62.8 141.0
168 Food services and drinking places 100.0 49.6 46.8 96.4
Other services (except public administration)
169 Automotive repair and maintenance 100.0 125.5 88.8 214.3
170 Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance 100.0 281.2 166.5 447.7
171 Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance 100.0 171.1 119.5 290.6
172 Personal and household goods repair and maintenance 100.0 200.7 115.1 315.8
173 Personal care services 100.0 30.6 47.4 77.9
174 Death care services 100.0 38.7 57.1 95.8
175 Drycleaning and laundry services 100.0 66.6 53.0 119.6
176 Other personal services 100.0 130.2 74.6 204.8
177 Religious organizations 100.0 32.7 55.6 88.2
178 Grantmaking and giving services and social advocacy organizations 100.0 56.7 87.6 144.3
179 Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations 100.0 31.0 67.2 98.2

* Includes materials and capital services supplier jobs

** Includes jobs supported by respending of income from direct jobs and supplier jobs, as well as public-sector jobs supported by tax revenue

Note: See methods appendix for derivation.

Source: EPI analysis of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Employment Requirements Matrices, the BLS Current Employment Statistics program, and the Bureau of Economic Analysis GDP-by-industry accounts

View the underlying data on epi.org.