Employment multipliers per 100 direct jobs, all private-sector industries
Industry | Direct jobs | Supplier jobs* | Induced jobs** | Total indirect jobs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture, forest, fishing, and hunting | |||||
1 | Crop production | 100.0 | 74.4 | 55.2 | 129.6 |
2 | Animal production and aquaculture | 100.0 | 112.4 | 68.0 | 180.4 |
3 | Forestry | 100.0 | 285.7 | 124.3 | 410.0 |
4 | Logging | 100.0 | 150.1 | 88.1 | 238.2 |
5 | Fishing, hunting, and trapping | 100.0 | 116.5 | 59.2 | 175.7 |
6 | Support activities for agriculture and forestry | 100.0 | 79.7 | 51.2 | 130.9 |
Mining | |||||
7 | Oil and gas extraction | 100.0 | 376.0 | 161.3 | 537.3 |
8 | Coal mining | 100.0 | 330.8 | 169.6 | 500.4 |
9 | Metal ore mining | 100.0 | 318.2 | 154.7 | 472.9 |
10 | Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying | 100.0 | 138.4 | 96.6 | 235.0 |
11 | Support activities for mining | 100.0 | 121.4 | 105.4 | 226.9 |
Utilities | |||||
12 | Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution | 100.0 | 399.1 | 165.2 | 564.3 |
13 | Natural gas distribution | 100.0 | 456.5 | 182.3 | 638.8 |
14 | Water, sewage, and other systems | 100.0 | 1,561.7 | 301.8 | 1,863.5 |
Construction | |||||
15 | Construction | 100.0 | 88.0 | 89.6 | 177.6 |
Nondurable manufacturing | |||||
16 | Animal food manufacturing | 100.0 | 688.1 | 290.6 | 978.7 |
17 | Grain and oilseed milling | 100.0 | 1,064.1 | 424.8 | 1,488.9 |
18 | Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing | 100.0 | 212.9 | 118.4 | 331.3 |
19 | Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing | 100.0 | 269.4 | 143.4 | 412.8 |
20 | Dairy product manufacturing | 100.0 | 559.4 | 255.4 | 814.9 |
21 | Animal slaughtering and processing | 100.0 | 254.7 | 126.3 | 380.9 |
22 | Seafood product preparation and packaging | 100.0 | 134.3 | 84.6 | 218.9 |
23 | Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing | 100.0 | 170.5 | 100.1 | 270.6 |
24 | Other food manufacturing | 100.0 | 335.9 | 158.3 | 494.2 |
25 | Beverage manufacturing | 100.0 | 314.7 | 159.1 | 473.8 |
26 | Tobacco manufacturing | 100.0 | 3,394.0 | 646.2 | 4,040.2 |
27 | Textile mills and textile product mills | 100.0 | 109.9 | 94.2 | 204.1 |
28 | Apparel, leather, and allied product manufacturing | 100.0 | 168.4 | 122.8 | 291.2 |
29 | Sawmills and wood preservation | 100.0 | 177.8 | 112.1 | 289.9 |
30 | Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product manufacturing | 100.0 | 137.0 | 103.2 | 240.2 |
31 | Other wood product manufacturing | 100.0 | 97.3 | 86.2 | 183.5 |
32 | Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills | 100.0 | 468.3 | 218.3 | 686.6 |
33 | Converted paper product manufacturing | 100.0 | 186.3 | 132.7 | 319.0 |
34 | Printing and related support activities | 100.0 | 92.1 | 91.3 | 183.4 |
35 | Petroleum and coal products manufacturing | 100.0 | 945.9 | 504.7 | 1,450.7 |
36 | Basic chemical manufacturing | 100.0 | 822.0 | 329.1 | 1,151.1 |
37 | Resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing | 100.0 | 635.7 | 321.9 | 957.6 |
38 | Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing | 100.0 | 510.0 | 220.0 | 730.0 |
39 | Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing | 100.0 | 394.4 | 180.4 | 574.8 |
40 | Paint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing | 100.0 | 294.7 | 175.8 | 470.5 |
41 | Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing | 100.0 | 360.1 | 134.9 | 495.1 |
42 | Other chemical product and preparation manufacturing | 100.0 | 262.6 | 174.1 | 436.6 |
43 | Plastics product manufacturing | 100.0 | 167.3 | 111.0 | 278.3 |
44 | Rubber product manufacturing | 100.0 | 143.5 | 102.4 | 245.9 |
Durable manufacturing | |||||
45 | Clay product and refractory manufacturing | 100.0 | 78.6 | 80.7 | 159.3 |
46 | Glass and glass product manufacturing | 100.0 | 126.0 | 96.0 | 222.0 |
47 | Cement and concrete product manufacturing | 100.0 | 105.5 | 90.4 | 195.9 |
48 | Lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing | 100.0 | 173.7 | 106.6 | 280.3 |
49 | Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing | 100.0 | 618.2 | 305.6 | 923.7 |
50 | Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel | 100.0 | 849.4 | 439.7 | 1,289.1 |
51 | Alumina and aluminum production and processing | 100.0 | 214.3 | 145.0 | 359.2 |
52 | Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing | 100.0 | 306.5 | 169.8 | 476.2 |
53 | Foundries | 100.0 | 106.6 | 91.6 | 198.2 |
54 | Forging and stamping | 100.0 | 186.9 | 129.3 | 316.2 |
55 | Cutlery and handtool manufacturing | 100.0 | 166.9 | 118.1 | 285.1 |
56 | Architectural and structural metals manufacturing | 100.0 | 115.7 | 100.3 | 216.0 |
57 | Boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing | 100.0 | 172.6 | 124.8 | 297.4 |
58 | Hardware manufacturing | 100.0 | 161.6 | 118.9 | 280.5 |
59 | Spring and wire product manufacturing | 100.0 | 132.7 | 111.5 | 244.2 |
60 | Machine shops; turned product; and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing | 100.0 | 85.5 | 87.8 | 173.4 |
61 | Coating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities | 100.0 | 91.5 | 80.5 | 172.0 |
62 | Other fabricated metal product manufacturing | 100.0 | 139.1 | 107.9 | 247.0 |
63 | Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery manufacturing | 100.0 | 248.3 | 166.7 | 415.0 |
64 | Industrial machinery manufacturing | 100.0 | 155.1 | 149.2 | 304.4 |
65 | Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing | 100.0 | 215.1 | 154.0 | 369.1 |
66 | HVAC equipment manufacturing | 100.0 | 157.8 | 111.1 | 268.9 |
67 | Metalworking machinery manufacturing | 100.0 | 107.9 | 105.2 | 213.1 |
68 | Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing | 100.0 | 275.3 | 186.9 | 462.2 |
69 | Other general purpose machinery manufacturing | 100.0 | 200.3 | 142.4 | 342.7 |
70 | Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing | 100.0 | 56.3 | 102.5 | 158.8 |
71 | Communications equipment manufacturing | 100.0 | 128.4 | 128.5 | 256.9 |
72 | Audio and video equipment manufacturing | 100.0 | 155.4 | 117.1 | 272.5 |
73 | Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing | 100.0 | 92.9 | 99.3 | 192.2 |
74 | Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing | 100.0 | 158.7 | 129.7 | 288.4 |
75 | Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media | 100.0 | 123.7 | 137.7 | 261.4 |
76 | Electric lighting equipment manufacturing | 100.0 | 124.2 | 120.7 | 244.9 |
77 | Household appliance manufacturing | 100.0 | 141.8 | 124.5 | 266.3 |
78 | Electrical equipment manufacturing | 100.0 | 117.8 | 104.8 | 222.6 |
79 | Other electrical equipment and component manufacturing | 100.0 | 166.8 | 114.5 | 281.3 |
80 | Motor vehicle manufacturing | 100.0 | 935.8 | 492.1 | 1,428.0 |
81 | Motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing | 100.0 | 251.1 | 180.6 | 431.7 |
82 | Motor vehicle parts manufacturing | 100.0 | 209.8 | 161.2 | 371.0 |
83 | Aerospace product and parts manufacturing | 100.0 | 180.2 | 156.0 | 336.2 |
84 | Railroad rolling stock manufacturing | 100.0 | 229.6 | 186.3 | 415.9 |
85 | Ship and boat building | 100.0 | 113.9 | 114.9 | 228.8 |
86 | Other transportation equipment manufacturing | 100.0 | 342.1 | 206.7 | 548.8 |
87 | Household and institutional furniture and kitchen cabinet manufacturing | 100.0 | 74.7 | 75.3 | 150.0 |
88 | Office furniture (including fixtures) manufacturing | 100.0 | 124.9 | 92.0 | 217.0 |
89 | Other furniture-related product manufacturing | 100.0 | 163.0 | 107.5 | 270.6 |
90 | Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing | 100.0 | 153.2 | 108.3 | 261.4 |
91 | Other miscellaneous manufacturing | 100.0 | 160.4 | 116.8 | 277.2 |
Wholesale trade | |||||
92 | Wholesale trade | 100.0 | 107.3 | 95.1 | 202.5 |
Retail trade | |||||
93 | Motor vehicle and parts dealers | 100.0 | 52.2 | 64.6 | 116.8 |
94 | Food and beverage stores | 100.0 | 30.6 | 40.6 | 71.2 |
95 | General merchandise stores | 100.0 | 30.7 | 42.6 | 73.4 |
96 | Other retail | 100.0 | 57.9 | 57.6 | 115.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | |||||
97 | Air transportation | 100.0 | 161.3 | 116.5 | 277.8 |
98 | Rail transportation | 100.0 | 161.6 | 100.1 | 261.7 |
99 | Water transportation | 100.0 | 545.5 | 228.4 | 773.9 |
100 | Truck transportation | 100.0 | 108.2 | 83.1 | 191.3 |
101 | Transit and ground passenger transportation | 100.0 | 109.9 | 61.3 | 171.3 |
102 | Pipeline transportation | 100.0 | 218.5 | 99.3 | 317.8 |
103 | Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation | 100.0 | 134.5 | 87.9 | 222.4 |
104 | Couriers and messengers | 100.0 | 84.5 | 72.6 | 157.1 |
105 | Warehousing and storage | 100.0 | 53.2 | 58.5 | 111.7 |
Information | |||||
106 | Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers | 100.0 | 154.7 | 113.6 | 268.3 |
107 | Software publishers | 100.0 | 193.6 | 180.3 | 373.8 |
108 | Motion picture, video, and sound recording industries | 100.0 | 96.5 | 96.4 | 192.9 |
109 | Radio and television broadcasting | 100.0 | 195.3 | 141.2 | 336.5 |
110 | Cable and other subscription programming | 100.0 | 711.8 | 314.1 | 1,025.9 |
111 | Wired telecommunications carriers | 100.0 | 284.0 | 161.7 | 445.7 |
112 | Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) | 100.0 | 936.9 | 374.2 | 1,311.1 |
113 | Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications | 100.0 | 266.7 | 171.9 | 438.6 |
114 | Data processing, hosting, and related services | 100.0 | 337.3 | 233.0 | 570.3 |
115 | Other information services | 100.0 | 218.0 | 164.5 | 382.5 |
Finance and insurance | |||||
116 | Monetary authorities, credit intermediation, and related activities | 100.0 | 112.7 | 100.4 | 213.1 |
117 | Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and related activities | 100.0 | 293.6 | 216.4 | 510.0 |
118 | Insurance carriers | 100.0 | 189.4 | 146.4 | 335.8 |
119 | Agencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities | 100.0 | 63.2 | 88.8 | 152.0 |
Real estate and rental leasing | |||||
120 | Real estate | 100.0 | 382.0 | 165.9 | 547.9 |
121 | Automotive equipment rental and leasing | 100.0 | 376.3 | 194.3 | 570.6 |
122 | Consumer goods rental and general rental centers | 100.0 | 150.1 | 96.0 | 246.1 |
123 | Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing | 100.0 | 344.9 | 178.9 | 523.8 |
124 | Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) | 100.0 | 4,374.7 | 1,625.0 | 5,999.7 |
Professional, scientific, and technical services | |||||
125 | Legal services | 100.0 | 89.2 | 111.3 | 200.5 |
126 | Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services | 100.0 | 52.0 | 81.3 | 133.4 |
127 | Architectural, engineering, and related services | 100.0 | 90.0 | 114.1 | 204.1 |
128 | Specialized design services | 100.0 | 67.5 | 97.4 | 164.9 |
129 | Computer systems design and related services | 100.0 | 134.1 | 149.3 | 283.4 |
130 | Management, scientific, and technical consulting services | 100.0 | 91.1 | 116.5 | 207.6 |
131 | Scientific research and development services | 100.0 | 519.3 | 323.7 | 842.9 |
132 | Advertising, public relations, and related services | 100.0 | 460.9 | 270.7 | 731.6 |
133 | Other professional, scientific, and technical services | 100.0 | 70.8 | 83.6 | 154.3 |
Management of companies | |||||
134 | Management of companies and enterprises | 100.0 | 144.4 | 138.6 | 283.1 |
Administrative and support services and waste management | |||||
135 | Office administrative services | 100.0 | 51.9 | 88.4 | 140.3 |
136 | Facilities support services | 100.0 | 140.2 | 96.5 | 236.7 |
137 | Employment services | 100.0 | 31.3 | 50.1 | 81.4 |
138 | Business support services | 100.0 | 54.6 | 62.2 | 116.7 |
139 | Travel arrangement and reservation services | 100.0 | 133.7 | 106.3 | 240.0 |
140 | Investigation and security services | 100.0 | 30.8 | 47.0 | 77.9 |
141 | Services to buildings and dwellings | 100.0 | 29.8 | 46.3 | 76.1 |
142 | Other support services | 100.0 | 119.9 | 95.8 | 215.7 |
143 | Waste management and remediation services | 100.0 | 131.4 | 99.7 | 231.1 |
Educational services | |||||
144 | Elementary and secondary schools (private) | 100.0 | 24.3 | 65.2 | 89.5 |
145 | Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools (private) | 100.0 | 93.9 | 88.1 | 182.0 |
146 | Other educational services (private) | 100.0 | 47.7 | 73.7 | 121.4 |
Health care and social assistance | |||||
147 | Offices of physicians | 100.0 | 87.5 | 115.3 | 202.8 |
148 | Offices of dentists | 100.0 | 56.9 | 86.0 | 142.9 |
149 | Offices of other health practitioners | 100.0 | 43.1 | 68.3 | 111.4 |
150 | Outpatient care centers | 100.0 | 72.1 | 88.0 | 160.1 |
151 | Medical and diagnostic laboratories | 100.0 | 84.6 | 92.0 | 176.6 |
152 | Home health care services | 100.0 | 41.6 | 56.5 | 98.1 |
153 | Other ambulatory health care services | 100.0 | 81.9 | 78.1 | 160.0 |
154 | Hospitals (private) | 100.0 | 123.7 | 112.7 | 236.5 |
155 | Nursing and residential care facilities | 100.0 | 44.6 | 52.1 | 96.7 |
156 | Individual and family services | 100.0 | 22.9 | 43.7 | 66.6 |
157 | Community and vocational rehabilitation services | 100.0 | 60.5 | 59.8 | 120.3 |
158 | Child day care services | 100.0 | 23.8 | 38.8 | 62.7 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | |||||
159 | Performing arts companies | 100.0 | 208.9 | 151.6 | 360.5 |
160 | Spectator sports | 100.0 | 132.5 | 114.4 | 246.9 |
161 | Promoters of events, and agents and managers | 100.0 | 265.6 | 181.4 | 447.0 |
162 | Independent artists, writers, and performers | 100.0 | 73.7 | 99.7 | 173.5 |
163 | Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions | 100.0 | 75.7 | 76.5 | 152.2 |
164 | Amusement parks and arcades | 100.0 | 59.7 | 49.0 | 108.7 |
165 | Gambling industries (except casino hotels) | 100.0 | 817.9 | 228.6 | 1,046.5 |
166 | Other amusement and recreation industries | 100.0 | 52.5 | 55.2 | 107.6 |
Accommodation and food services | |||||
167 | Accommodation | 100.0 | 78.2 | 62.8 | 141.0 |
168 | Food services and drinking places | 100.0 | 49.6 | 46.8 | 96.4 |
Other services (except public administration) | |||||
169 | Automotive repair and maintenance | 100.0 | 125.5 | 88.8 | 214.3 |
170 | Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance | 100.0 | 281.2 | 166.5 | 447.7 |
171 | Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance | 100.0 | 171.1 | 119.5 | 290.6 |
172 | Personal and household goods repair and maintenance | 100.0 | 200.7 | 115.1 | 315.8 |
173 | Personal care services | 100.0 | 30.6 | 47.4 | 77.9 |
174 | Death care services | 100.0 | 38.7 | 57.1 | 95.8 |
175 | Drycleaning and laundry services | 100.0 | 66.6 | 53.0 | 119.6 |
176 | Other personal services | 100.0 | 130.2 | 74.6 | 204.8 |
177 | Religious organizations | 100.0 | 32.7 | 55.6 | 88.2 |
178 | Grantmaking and giving services and social advocacy organizations | 100.0 | 56.7 | 87.6 | 144.3 |
179 | Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations | 100.0 | 31.0 | 67.2 | 98.2 |
* Includes materials and capital services supplier jobs
** Includes jobs supported by respending of income from direct jobs and supplier jobs, as well as public-sector jobs supported by tax revenue
Note: See methods appendix for derivation.
Source: EPI analysis of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Employment Requirements Matrices, the BLS Current Employment Statistics program, and the Bureau of Economic Analysis GDP-by-industry accounts