Immigration’s wage effects on U.S.-born workers estimated to be positive and progressive since 2000: Estimated effect of immigration flows on hourly wages by educational level, 2000–2022

Cumulative percent change in wages over the 2000–2022 period
Average 0.8
Less than high school diploma 2.775
High school diploma only 3.15
HS diploma plus some college 0.25
College degree or higher -0.075
Economic Policy Institute

Notes: Estimates are based on Tables 9 and 10 from Caiumi and Peri (see source). We average their coefficient estimates from four different specifications, and we sum their estimated coefficients for 2000–2019 and for 2019–2022. These are cumulative estimates over the entire time period.  

Source: Alessandro Caiumi and Giovanni Peri, “Immigration's Effect on US Wages and Employment Redux,” National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper no. 32389, April 2024.

View the underlying data on epi.org.