Size of the labor force, employment, and major occupations of employment for unauthorized immigrants, 2022
| Estimate | % of total | |
|---|---|---|
| Labor force and employment status |
||
| Civilian population, ages 16 and older | 9,851,486 | 100% |
| Labor force | 7,603,550 | 100% |
| Employed | 7,298,170 | 74.1% |
| Unemployed (but seeking work) | 305,385 | 3.1% |
| Not in the labor force | 2,247,936 | 22.8% |
| Major occupations of employment | ||
| Civilian population, ages 16 and older in labor force | 7,603,550 | 100% |
| Management, business, science, and arts | 1,454,789 | 19.1% |
| Services | 1,937,966 | 25.5% |
| Sales and office | 855,419 | 11.3% |
| Maintenance | 1,882,943 | 24.8% |
| Production, transportation, and material moving | 1,390,930 | 18.3% |
Notes: Total may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
Source: Adapted from Center for Migration Studies, Estimates of Undocumented and Eligible-to-Naturalize Populations by State [data tool], last visited April 11, 2025. To derive the estimates, the Center for Migration Studies developed a series of statistical procedures based on microdata collected by the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey. For more information, see the methodology page, Center for Migration Studies, “About the Data: Estimates of the Undocumented Population,” last visited April 11, 2025.