Government programs reduce poverty: Supplemental Poverty Rate, with and without targeted government programs (2013)
| Program | Estimated SPM |
|---|---|
| SPM | 15.5% |
| Social Security | 24.1% |
| Refundable tax credits | 18.4% |
| SNAP | 17.1% |
| SSI | 16.8% |
| Housing subsidies | 16.5% |
| Unemployment insurance | 16.2% |
| Child support received | 16.0% |
| School lunch | 16.0% |
| TANF/General | 15.8% |
| WIC | 15.7% |
| LIHEAP | 15.6% |
| Workers’ compensation | 15.6% |
Notes: The red bar shows the actual SPM poverty rate for 2013. The blue bars show what the SPM poverty rate would have been in the absence of the specified program.
Source: Author's analysis of Short, Kathleen. 2014. "The Research Supplemental Poverty Measure: 2013." U.S. Census Bureau.