Work shift type by pay status, income, and job characteristics: Multinomial probit model (values are coefficients)
| Split/rotating shift | Irregular shift | Split/rotating shift | Irregular shift | Split/rotating shift | Irregular shift | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pay status | ||||||
| Salaried (ref.) | ||||||
| Hourly | 0.512*** | -0.0972 | 0.792*** | -0.201 | 0.487*** | -0.00922 |
| Other | 0.557*** | 1.267*** | 0.638* | 1.662*** | 0.627*** | 1.152*** |
| Respondent income | ||||||
| <$22,500 (ref.) | ||||||
| $22,500–$39,999 | -0.331** | -0.346** | -0.464** | -0.476** | -0.379** | -0.356** |
| $40,000–$49,999 | -0.553** | -0.247 | -0.903** | -0.358 | -0.606** | -0.233 |
| $50,000–$59,999 | -0.300 | -0.544** | -0.344 | -0.842** | -0.333 | -0.556** |
| Over $60,000 | -0.264 | -0.253 | -0.309 | -0.347 | -0.320 | -0.300 |
| Working hours | 0.0164*** | 0.00679* | 0.0210*** | 0.00856* | 0.0138*** | 0.00539 |
| Overtime is mandatory | 0.418** | 0.269* | ||||
| Ability to take time off during day | -0.130** | -0.193*** | ||||
| Ability to change start/end time | -0.0332 | 0.206*** | ||||
| Too much work to do well | -0.111 | -0.0682 | ||||
| Must work fast | 0.107 | 0.0700 | ||||
| Shortage of staff | 0.0121 | -0.0422 | ||||
| Decision involvement | 0.158** | 0.0224 | ||||
| Work discretion | -0.110 | -0.00917 | ||||
| Pseudo R-squared | 0.077 | 0.077 | 0.092 | 0.092 | ||
| Observations | n=3,803 | n=3,803 | n=3,746 | n=3,746 |
Note: Asterisks denote tested significant at ***p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05. Those who are not on split/rotating or irregular shifts are on regular shifts (day, afternoon, or night). All models were controlled for education, survey year, age, age square, race, marital status, presence of a preschool-age child, and years on the job.
Source: General Social Survey Quality of Worklife Supplement (NIOSH), pooled years 2002, 2006, and 2010