Principal noncognitive skills at the beginning of kindergarten, as reported by parents, by SES quintile, under unadjusted to fully adjusted models

  Self-control   Approaches to learning  Social interactions 
  M1S M2S M3S M1S M2S M3S M1S M2S M3S
Low-middle SES 0.110**
(0.048)		 0.110**
(0.049)		 0.068
(0.048)		 0.265***
(0.041)		 0.202***
(0.043)		 0.151***
(0.040)		 0.271***
(0.042)		 0.188***
(0.042)		 0.163***
(0.041)
Middle SES 0.224***
(0.047)		 0.227***
(0.050)		 0.175***
(0.050)		 0.321***
(0.043)		 0.243***
(0.045)		 0.175***
(0.043)		 0.323***
(0.044)		 0.219***
(0.044)		 0.184***
(0.044)
High-middle SES 0.250***
(0.049)		 0.257***
(0.052)		 0.192***
(0.051)		 0.419***
(0.044)		 0.339***
(0.047)		 0.259***
(0.044)		 0.324***
(0.044)		 0.216***
(0.045)		 0.177***
(0.045)
High SES 0.335***
(0.050)		 0.342***
(0.052)		 0.258***
(0.052)		 0.492***
(0.045)		 0.416***
(0.048)		 0.302***
(0.046)		 0.344***
(0.046)		 0.245***
(0.047)		 0.186***
(0.047)
Controlling for race No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Controlling for other variables No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes
Observations 10,240 10,240 10,240 10,260 10,260 10,260 10,260 10,260 10,260
Adj.R2 0.0296 0.0311 0.0682 0.0641 0.0717 0.186 0.0537 0.0677 0.112

Note: Robust standard errors are in parentheses. For statistical significance, *** denotes p<0.01, ** denotes p<0.05, and * denotes p<0.1. The number of observations is rounded to the nearest multiple of 10. SES refers to socioeconomic status. See Appendix A, Figure D4, and Table F4.

Source: EPI analysis of ECLS-K, Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011 (National Center for Education Statistics)

View the underlying data on epi.org.