Missing data (share of total cases)
| Outcome variables | Predictors | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Share | Variable | Share |
| Reading | 13.8% | Girl | 0.4% |
| Math | 14.2 | Black | 0.5 |
| Cognitive flexibility | 14.1 | Hispanic | 0.5 |
| Working memory | 20.5 | Hispanic ELL | 11.8 |
| Self-control (teachers) | 25.4 | Hispanic English | 11.8 |
| Approaches to learning (teachers) | 18.7 | Asian | 0.5 |
| Internalizing problems | 21.7 | Other | 0.5 |
| Externalizing problems | 20.8 | Age | 13.2 |
| Self-control (parents) | 27.3 | Has a disability | 28.3 |
| Approaches to learning (parents) | 27.3 | Family type: not living with two parents | 26.3 |
| Social interactions (parents) | 27.2 | Number of siblings | 26.3 |
| Interpersonal relationships | 24.6 | Language at home is not English (ELL) | 11.7 |
| Closeness to teacher | 12.2 | Language at home is English | 11.7 |
| Eagerness to learn | 18.4 | Native | 25.1 |
| Attention | 18.4 | Immigrant | 25.1 |
| Persistence in completing tasks (teachers) | 18.6 | SES (quintile 1 to 5) | 11.9 |
| Persistence in completing tasks (parents) | 27.2 | Center-based pre-K | 17.4 |
| Eagerness to learn new things | 27.3 | Enrichment activities with parents | 26.4 |
| Creativity in work or play | 27.3 | ||
Note: The number of observations is rounded to the nearest multiple of 10. ELL stands for English-language learner. SES stands for socioeconomic status.
Source: EPI analysis of ECLS-K, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (National Center for Education Statistics)