Creative in work or play, at the beginning of kindergarten, as reported by parents, by SES quintile, under unadjusted to fully adjusted models
| Unadjusted (M1S) | Adjusted by race (M2S) | Fully adjusted (M3S) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-middle SES | 0.198*** (0.042) |
0.130*** (0.043) |
0.081** (0.041) |
| Middle SES | 0.213*** (0.044) |
0.125*** (0.046) |
0.062 (0.044) |
| High-middle SES | 0.276*** (0.045) |
0.184*** (0.046) |
0.109** (0.045) |
| High SES | 0.320*** (0.046) |
0.232*** (0.048) |
0.136*** (0.047) |
Note: SES refers to socioeconomic status. Model 1 (M1S) shows the baseline unadjusted standard deviation score for each group, relative to low-SES children. Model 2 (M2S) shows each group's relative performance after controlling for race/ethnicity. Model 3 (M3S) shows relative performance after adjusting for all family and child characteristics, pre-K schooling, and enrichment activities with parents. See Appendix A and Tables D6 and F6.
Source: EPI analysis of ECLS-K, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (National Center for Education Statistics)