Interpersonal relationships at the beginning of kindergarten, as reported by teachers, by SES quintile, under unadjusted to fully adjusted models
| Unadjusted (M1S) | Adjusted by race (M2S) | Fully adjusted (M3S) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-middle SES | 0.123*** (0.044) |
0.130*** (0.045) |
0.088** (0.044) |
| Middle SES | 0.248*** (0.046) |
0.250*** (0.047) |
0.176*** (0.047) |
| High-middle SES | 0.415*** (0.045) |
0.410*** (0.047) |
0.319*** (0.046) |
| High SES | 0.461*** (0.047) |
0.456*** (0.049) |
0.348*** (0.049) |
Note: SES refers to socioeconomic status. Model 1 (M1S) shows the baseline unadjusted standard deviation score for each group, relative to low-SES children. Model 2 (M2S) shows each group's relative performance after controlling for race/ethnicity. Model 3 (M3S) shows relative performance after adjusting for all family and child characteristics, pre-K schooling, and enrichment activities with parents. See Appendix A and Tables D5 and F5.
Source: EPI analysis of ECLS-K, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (National Center for Education Statistics)