Other noncognitive skills at the beginning of kindergarten, as reported by teachers, compared with teachers' reports of low socioeconomic status students' skills, by SES quintile
Interpersonal relationships
| Unadjusted (M1S) | Adjusted by race (M2S) | Fully adjusted (M3S) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-middle SES | 0.123*** (0.044) |
0.130*** (0.045) |
0.088** (0.044) |
| Middle SES | 0.248*** (0.046) |
0.250*** (0.047) |
0.176*** (0.047) |
| High-middle SES | 0.415*** (0.045) |
0.410*** (0.047) |
0.319*** (0.046) |
| High SES | 0.461*** (0.047) |
0.456*** (0.049) |
0.348*** (0.049) |
Closeness to teacher
| Unadjusted (M1S) | Adjusted by race (M2S) | Fully adjusted (M3S) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-middle SES | 0.091** (0.042) |
0.078* (0.043) |
0.046 (0.043) |
| Middle SES | 0.191*** (0.044) |
0.168*** (0.046) |
0.120*** (0.046) |
| High-middle SES | 0.280*** (0.044) |
0.247*** (0.046) |
0.192*** (0.046) |
| High SES | 0.324*** (0.046) |
0.295*** (0.047) |
0.229*** (0.048) |
Eagerness to learn
| Unadjusted (M1S) | Adjusted by race (M2S) | Fully adjusted (M3S) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-middle SES | 0.116*** (0.042) |
0.130*** (0.043) |
0.092** (0.043) |
| Middle SES | 0.237*** (0.044) |
0.249*** (0.045) |
0.189*** (0.046) |
| High-middle SES | 0.430*** (0.044) |
0.434*** (0.046) |
0.355*** (0.047) |
| High SES | 0.502*** (0.046) |
0.502*** (0.047) |
0.407*** (0.048) |
Persistence in completing tasks
| Unadjusted (M1S) | Adjusted by race (M2S) | Fully adjusted (M3S) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-middle SES | 0.118*** (0.040) |
0.144*** (0.041) |
0.116*** (0.041) |
| Middle SES | 0.200*** (0.041) |
0.229*** (0.043) |
0.177*** (0.043) |
| High-middle SES | 0.392*** (0.041) |
0.416*** (0.043) |
0.346*** (0.044) |
| High SES | 0.497*** (0.043) |
0.512*** (0.046) |
0.422*** (0.046) |
Attention
| Unadjusted (M1S) | Adjusted by race (M2S) | Fully adjusted (M3S) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-middle SES | 0.118*** (0.040) |
0.141*** (0.040) |
0.104*** (0.039) |
| Middle SES | 0.229*** (0.043) |
0.254*** (0.045) |
0.185*** (0.043) |
| High-middle SES | 0.430*** (0.043) |
0.449*** (0.045) |
0.360*** (0.044) |
| High SES | 0.534*** (0.044) |
0.549*** (0.046) |
0.438*** (0.045) |
Note: SES refers to socioeconomic status. Model 1 (M1S) shows the baseline unadjusted standard deviation score for each group, relative to low-SES children. Model 2 (M2S) shows each group's relative performance after controlling for race/ethnicity. Model 3 (M3S) shows relative performance after adjusting for all family and child characteristics, pre-K schooling, and enrichment activities with parents. See Appendix A and Tables D5 and F5.
Source: EPI analysis of ECLS-K, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (National Center for Education Statistics)