Social interactions at the beginning of kindergarten, as reported by parents, by SES quintile, under unadjusted to fully adjusted models
| Unadjusted (M1S) | Adjusted by race (M2S) | Fully adjusted (M3S) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-middle SES | 0.271*** (0.042) |
0.188*** (0.042) |
0.163*** (0.041) |
| Middle SES | 0.323*** (0.044) |
0.219*** (0.044) |
0.184*** (0.044) |
| High-middle SES | 0.324*** (0.044) |
0.216*** (0.045) |
0.177*** (0.045) |
| High SES | 0.344*** (0.046) |
0.245*** (0.047) |
0.186*** (0.047) |
Note: SES refers to socioeconomic status. Model 1 (M1S) shows the baseline unadjusted standard deviation score for each group, relative to low-SES children. Model 2 (M2S) shows each group's relative performance after controlling for race/ethnicity. Model 3 (M3S) shows relative performance after adjusting for all family and child characteristics, pre-K schooling, and enrichment activities with parents. See Appendix A and Tables D4 and F4.
Source: EPI analysis of ECLS-K, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (National Center for Education Statistics)