Association between the measures of union strength and the levels of/gaps in allocation of teachers with five or more years of experience

                         Independent variable: quintiles, reference: first (lowest) quintile (states where unions are the least strong)
High poverty Average Average minus high poverty
M4 R4 M8 R8 M4 R4 M8 R8 M4 R4 M8 R8
Experience: collective bargaining coverage rate
Second quintile 0.012 0.009 0.003 -0.041 0.009 0.003 0.008 -0.028 -0.003 -0.006 0.005 0.013
(0.022) (0.019) (0.036) (0.043) (0.017) (0.016) (0.023) (0.036) (0.013) (0.013) (0.025) (0.021)
Third quintile 0.027 0.017 -0.036 -0.070 0.016 0.003 -0.015 -0.034 -0.011 -0.015 0.021 0.036*
(0.022) (0.019) (0.036) (0.043) (0.017) (0.016) (0.023) (0.036) (0.013) (0.013) (0.025) (0.021)
Fourth quintile 0.069*** 0.067*** 0.045 0.045 0.062*** 0.055*** 0.048** 0.047 -0.007 -0.012 0.003 0.002
(0.022) (0.019) (0.036) (0.043) (0.017) (0.016) (0.023) (0.036) (0.013) (0.013) (0.025) (0.021)
Fifth quintile 0.093*** 0.095*** 0.027 0.015 0.083*** 0.080*** 0.044* 0.012 -0.010 -0.015 0.017 -0.003
(0.022) (0.019) (0.036) (0.043) (0.017) (0.016) (0.023) (0.036) (0.013) (0.013) (0.025) (0.021)
Constant 0.782*** 0.783*** 0.789*** 0.808*** 0.809*** 0.814*** 0.808*** 0.821*** 0.027*** 0.031*** 0.019 0.013
Observations 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51
R-squared 0.358 0.438 0.105 0.158 0.430 0.466 0.197 0.118 0.021 0.041 0.023 0.090
Experience: union strength
Second quintile 0.010 0.009 -0.008 -0.070 0.003 -0.005 -0.020 -0.044 -0.007 -0.013 -0.012 0.027
(0.023) (0.021) (0.037) (0.043) (0.019) (0.018) (0.023) (0.037) (0.012) (0.013) (0.025) (0.020)
Third quintile 0.016 0.016 0.036 0.017 0.029 0.026 0.029 0.016 0.012 0.009 -0.007 -0.001
(0.023) (0.021) (0.037) (0.043) (0.019) (0.018) (0.023) (0.037) (0.012) (0.013) (0.025) (0.020)
Fourth quintile 0.071*** 0.062*** 0.045 0.055 0.059*** 0.050*** 0.040* 0.024 -0.011 -0.012 -0.005 -0.031
(0.023) (0.021) (0.037) (0.043) (0.019) (0.018) (0.023) (0.037) (0.012) (0.013) (0.025) (0.020)
Fifth quintile 0.078*** 0.083*** 0.052 0.012 0.067*** 0.065*** 0.046** 0.028 -0.011 -0.018 -0.006 0.016
(0.023) (0.021) (0.037) (0.043) (0.019) (0.018) (0.023) (0.037) (0.012) (0.013) (0.025) (0.020)
Constant 0.787*** 0.787*** 0.772*** 0.795*** 0.811*** 0.815*** 0.806*** 0.816*** 0.025*** 0.028*** 0.034* 0.020
Observations 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51
R-squared 0.307 0.342 0.084 0.160 0.314 0.322 0.200 0.096 0.098 0.113 0.005 0.167
Independent variable: Continuous
High poverty Average Average minus high poverty
M4 R4 M8 R8 M4 R4 M8 R8 M4 R4 M8 R8
Experience: collective bargaining coverage rate
CBC 0.142*** 0.144*** 0.072 0.071 0.131*** 0.123*** 0.090** 0.071 -0.01 -0.02 0.018 0
(0.033) (0.030) (0.054) (0.066) (0.027) (0.026) (0.034) (0.054) (0.018) (0.019) (0.036) (0.031)
Constant 0.725*** 0.722*** 0.748*** 0.750*** 0.753*** 0.758*** 0.763*** 0.772*** 0.028** 0.035** 0.016 0.023
Observations 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51
R-squared 0.273 0.313 0.035 0.023 0.332 0.308 0.125 0.034 0.006 0.022 0.005 0
                           Experience: union strength
Fordham ranking (+) 0.002*** 0.002*** 0.002** 0.001 0.002*** 0.002*** 0.001*** 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
(0.000) (0.000) (0.001) (0.001) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.001) (0.000) (0.000) (0.001) (0.000)
Constant 0.765*** 0.763*** 0.755*** 0.761*** 0.794*** 0.795*** 0.788*** 0.791*** 0.029*** 0.032*** 0.033** 0.030**
Observations 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51
R-squared 0.293 0.335 0.079 0.044 0.306 0.303 0.142 0.041 0.026 0.038 0.002 0.008

*Standard errors in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
**NAEP 2011 estimates

Note: High-poverty schools are those in which more than 50 percent of students are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. M=math, R=reading, 4=4th grade, 8=8th grade.

Source: Data on teacher experience are from the 2011 National Assessment of Educational Progress; union strength rankings are from the Fordham Institute (Winkler, Scull, and Zeehandelaar 2012) and collective bargaining data are from EPI's analysis of Current Population Survey data

View the underlying data on epi.org.