There is no evidence of a correlation between union strength in states and shares of subject-expert teachers that disadvantage high-poverty schools: Relationship between union strength and share of teachers with educational background in the subject taught, 2011

By union strength

State Share  Rank 
AL 91.1% 32
AK 59.0 37
AZ 59.9 1
AR 73.0 4
CA 81.9 46
CO 80.4 17
CT 91.8 35
DE 80.0 33
DC 72.2 19
FL 69.4 2
GA 81.1 7
HI 78.0 51
ID 70.3 16
IL 85.0 44
IN 93.3 21
IA 91.1 25
KS 77.9 20
KY 92.3 24
LA 46.4 10
ME 73.1 30
MD 80.5 29
MA 72.5 31
MI 93.2 36
MN 92.5 38
MS 80.1 6
MO 80.7 14
MT 66.9 49
NE 87.1 26
NV 74.7 27
NH 48.7 22
NJ 71.7 45
NM 76.7 15
NY 92.5 43
NC 79.0 12
ND 82.7 28
OH 77.5 40
OK 72.6 9
OR 82.3 50
PA 70.3 48
RI 95.9 47
SC 84.8 3
SD 79.1 18
TN 68.0 11
TX 81.8 8
UT 86.7 13
VT 86.2 41
VA 85.9 5
WA 74.5 42
WV 92.0 39
WI 55.4 34
WY 91.3 23

By collective bargaining coverage

State Share  Rate 
AL 91.1% 64.2%
AK 59.0 91.2
AZ 59.9 47.0
AR 73.0 28.4
CA 81.9 89.1
CO 80.4 66.8
CT 91.8 89.6
DE 80.0 79.5
DC 72.2 68.0
FL 69.4 57.4
GA 81.1 31.3
HI 78.0 87.6
ID 70.3 57.0
IL 85.0 89.4
IN 93.3 80.5
IA 91.1 78.1
KS 77.9 69.6
KY 92.3 56.2
LA 46.4 35.4
ME 73.1 86.6
MD 80.5 81.7
MA 72.5 94.6
MI 93.2 91.9
MN 92.5 90.5
MS 80.1 29.8
MO 80.7 54.1
MT 66.9 85.5
NE 87.1 73.4
NV 74.7 70.0
NH 48.7 84.5
NJ 71.7 89.5
NM 76.7 55.4
NY 92.5 92.5
NC 79.0 23.8
ND 82.7 69.3
OH 77.5 85.7
OK 72.6 49.7
OR 82.3 91.2
PA 70.3 91.1
RI 95.9 92.4
SC 84.8 26.9
SD 79.1 43.5
TN 68.0 43.1
TX 81.8 41.2
UT 86.7 56.5
VT 86.2 87.6
VA 85.9 36.0
WA 74.5 86.3
WV 92.0 65.2
WI 55.4 86.1
WY 91.3 42.6

By union strength

State Share  Rank 
AL 89.6% 32
AK 63.6 37
AZ 64.2 1
AR 73.0 4
CA 79.6 46
CO 86.6 17
CT 90.0 35
DE 79.7 33
DC 77.5 19
FL 68.1 2
GA 83.8 7
HI 79.9 51
ID 75.6 16
IL 86.3 44
IN 97.0 21
IA 86.6 25
KS 86.5 20
KY 92.9 24
LA 44.7 10
ME 71.2 30
MD 85.4 29
MA 83.8 31
MI 95.3 36
MN 96.5 38
MS 78.6 6
MO 83.0 14
MT 73.6 49
NE 92.5 26
NV 78.6 27
NH 88.8 22
NJ 79.7 45
NM 80.4 15
NY 93.9 43
NC 81.0 12
ND 93.1 28
OH 88.6 40
OK 73.1 9
OR 81.9 50
PA 82.0 48
RI 95.3 47
SC 82.3 3
SD 86.1 18
TN 68.2 11
TX 80.0 8
UT 90.4 13
VT 89.5 41
VA 86.7 5
WA 74.4 42
WV 94.1 39
WI 77.4 34
WY 93.5 23

By collective bargaining coverage

State Share  Rate 
AL 89.6% 64.2%
AK 63.6 91.2
AZ 64.2 47.0
AR 73.0 28.4
CA 79.6 89.1
CO 86.6 66.8
CT 90.0 89.6
DE 79.7 79.5
DC 77.5 68.0
FL 68.1 57.4
GA 83.8 31.3
HI 79.9 87.6
ID 75.6 57.0
IL 86.3 89.4
IN 97.0 80.5
IA 86.6 78.1
KS 86.5 69.6
KY 92.9 56.2
LA 44.7 35.4
ME 71.2 86.6
MD 85.4 81.7
MA 83.8 94.6
MI 95.3 91.9
MN 96.5 90.5
MS 78.6 29.8
MO 83.0 54.1
MT 73.6 85.5
NE 92.5 73.4
NV 78.6 70.0
NH 88.8 84.5
NJ 79.7 89.5
NM 80.4 55.4
NY 93.9 92.5
NC 81.0 23.8
ND 93.1 69.3
OH 88.6 85.7
OK 73.1 49.7
OR 81.9 91.2
PA 82.0 91.1
RI 95.3 92.4
SC 82.3 26.9
SD 86.1 43.5
TN 68.2 43.1
TX 80.0 41.2
UT 90.4 56.5
VT 89.5 87.6
VA 86.7 36.0
WA 74.4 86.3
WV 94.1 65.2
WI 77.4 86.1
WY 93.5 42.6

By union strength

State Gap Rank 
AL -1.5 32
AK 4.6 37
AZ 4.3 1
AR 0.0 4
CA -2.3 46
CO 6.2 17
CT -1.8 35
DE -.3 33
DC 5.3 19
FL -1.3 2
GA 2.7 7
HI 1.9 51
ID 5.3 16
IL 1.3 44
IN 3.7 21
IA -4.5 25
KS 8.6 20
KY .6 24
LA -1.7 10
ME -1.9 30
MD 4.9 29
MA 11.3 31
MI 2.1 36
MN 4.0 38
MS -1.5 6
MO 2.3 14
MT 6.7 49
NE 5.4 26
NV 3.9 27
NH 40.1 22
NJ 8.0 45
NM 3.7 15
NY 1.4 43
NC 2.0 12
ND 10.4 28
OH 11.1 40
OK .5 9
OR -.4 50
PA 11.7 48
RI -.6 47
SC -2.5 3
SD 7.0 18
TN .2 11
TX -1.8 8
UT 3.7 13
VT 3.3 41
VA .8 5
WA -.1 42
WV 2.1 39
WI 22.0 34
WY 2.2 23

By collective bargaining coverage

State Gap Rate 
AL -1.5 64.2
AK 4.6 91.2
AZ 4.3 47.0
AR 0.0 28.4
CA -2.3 89.1
CO 6.2 66.8
CT -1.8 89.6
DE -.3 79.5
DC 5.3 68.0
FL -1.3 57.4
GA 2.7 31.3
HI 1.9 87.6
ID 5.3 57.0
IL 1.3 89.4
IN 3.7 80.5
IA -4.5 78.1
KS 8.6 69.6
KY .6 56.2
LA -1.7 35.4
ME -1.9 86.6
MD 4.9 81.7
MA 11.3 94.6
MI 2.1 91.9
MN 4.0 90.5
MS -1.5 29.8
MO 2.3 54.1
MT 6.7 85.5
NE 5.4 73.4
NV 3.9 70.0
NH 40.1 84.5
NJ 8.0 89.5
NM 3.7 55.4
NY 1.4 92.5
NC 2.0 23.8
ND 10.4 69.3
OH 11.1 85.7
OK .5 49.7
OR -.4 91.2
PA 11.7 91.1
RI -.6 92.4
SC -2.5 26.9
SD 7.0 43.5
TN .2 43.1
TX -1.8 41.2
UT 3.7 56.5
VT 3.3 87.6
VA .8 36.0
WA -.1 86.3
WV 2.1 65.2
WI 22.0 86.1
WY 2.2 42.6

Note: High-poverty schools are those in which more than 50 percent of students are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. On the inverse Fordham index of union strength, 1 is the lowest value. The CBC rate is the share of teachers covered by collective bargaining.

Source: Data on teacher educational background are from the National Center for Education Statistics (8th-grade math); union strength rankings are from the Fordham Institute (Winkler, Scull, and Zeehandelaar 2012) and collective bargaining data are from the Current Population Survey

View the underlying data on epi.org.