Probability that federal employment law violations will be detected during an investigation by the Wage and Hour Division in California, by county, fiscal years 2005–2019
| California county | Probability of finding a violation |
|---|---|
| Fresno | 0.835*** |
| (0.025) | |
| Imperial | 0.614*** |
| (0.049) | |
| Kern | 0.766*** |
| (0.035) | |
| Monterey | 0.741*** |
| (0.038) | |
| Riverside | 0.623*** |
| (0.041) | |
| San Diego | 0.705*** |
| (0.069) | |
| San Joaquin | 0.635*** |
| (0.036) | |
| Santa Barbara | 0.788*** |
| (0.071) | |
| Tulare | 0.899*** |
| (0.026) | |
| Ventura | 0.581*** |
| (0.053) | |
| Number of violations | 1,222 |
Note: Heteroskedastic-robust are standard errors in parentheses. * p < .1, ** p < .05, *** p < .01. A p-value of less than .01 indicates that there is less than a 1% chance of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis that a coefficient is equal to zero. In other words, if p < .01, it is highly unlikely that the true share of employers within a county that are guilty of at least one violation is equal to zero. Non-FLC crop support services include cotton ginning, soil preparation, crop harvesting by machine, other post-harvest activities, and farm management services.
Source: Authors' analysis of U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Compliance Action Data (U.S. DOL-WHD 2020f).