Share of wage and hour violations and share of employment by commodity and farm labor contractors in Florida, fiscal years 2005–2019
| North American Industry Classification Code | Violations | Share of violations | Average QCEW employment (2019) | Share of employment | Ratio: violations/employment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1111 Grain Crops | 318 | 0.83% | 130 | 0.19% | 429% |
| 1112 Veg and Melon Crops | 4,452 | 11.61% | 10,888 | 16.18% | 72% |
| 1113 Fruit and Nut Crops | 11,356 | 29.62% | 6,223 | 9.25% | 320% |
| 1114 Nursery Crops | 193 | 0.50% | 23,715 | 35.25% | 1% |
| 1119 Other Crops | 635 | 1.66% | 3,546 | 5.27% | 31% |
| 1121 Cattle | 31 | 0.08% | 2,987 | 4.44% | 2% |
| 1122 Hogs and Pigs | 0 | 0.00% | 56 | 0.08% | 0% |
| 1123 Poultry and Eggs | 16 | 0.04% | 798 | 1.19% | 4% |
| 1124 Sheep and Goats | 5 | 0.01% | 8 | 0.01% | 110% |
| 1125 Aquaculture | 60 | 0.16% | 564 | 0.84% | 19% |
| 1129 Other Animal | 27 | 0.07% | 1,371 | 2.04% | 3% |
| 1131 Timber Tract | 29 | 0.08% | 216 | 0.32% | 24% |
| 1132 Forest Nursery | 243 | 0.63% | 264 | 0.39% | 162% |
| 1133 Logging | 75 | 0.20% | 1,831 | 2.72% | 7% |
| 1141 Fishing | 11 | 0.03% | 334 | 0.50% | 6% |
| 1142 Hunting and Trapping | 0 | 0.00% | 100 | 0.15% | 0% |
| 1151 Crop Support | 20,681 | 53.95% | 12,113 | 18.00% | 300% |
| 1152 Animal Support | 25 | 0.07% | 1,636 | 2.43% | 3% |
| 1153 Forestry Support | 179 | 0.47% | 500 | 0.74% | 63% |
| Total | 38,336 | 100.00% | 67,280 | 100.00% | 100% |
| 115115 Farm Labor Contactors | 19,229 | 50.16% | 3,853 | 5.73% | 876% |
| 115115 Farm Labor Contractors + H-2A FLC | 19,229 | 50.16% | 16,353 | 24.30% | 118% |
Note: The last row, Farm Labor Contractors + H-2A FLCs, assumes that Florida FLCs employ an annual average of 12,500 H-2A workers (see text), and adds them to the non-H-2A FLC employment of 3,853 in the previous row.
Source: Authors' analysis of U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Compliance Action Data (U.S. DOL-WHD 2020f) and Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages data for North American Industry Classification System code 11, agriculture, in 2018 (BLS-QCEW 2020a).