Summary of investigations that detected violations but where no back wages or civil money penalties were owed
| Type of violation without BWs/CMPs owed | Number of investigations | % of all investigations | % of investigations without BWs/CMPs owed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act | 2966 | 15% | 64% |
| Fair Labor Standards Act | 1644 | 9% | 35% |
| H-2A | 700 | 4% | 15% |
| Total | 4631 | 24% | 100% |
Note: BW represents back wages and CMP represents civil money penalties. Some investigations detected violations of multiple employment laws, thus percentages in the last column add up to more than 100%. The total in the last row of the table includes all investigations that found at least one violation but resulted in zero back wages or civil money penalties being owed.
Source: Authors' analysis of U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Compliance Action Data (U.S. DOL-WHD 2020f).