EPA estimate of direct employment changes under the Clean Power Plan, by generating source and job category, in 2020, 2025, and 2030
| 2020 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Construction | O&M | Extraction | Total | |
| Coal | 0 | -19,400 | -12,600 | -32,000 |
| Natural gas | 6,775 | 1,825 | 5,050 | 13,650 |
| Oil and gas | 0 | -2,200 | 0 | -2,200 |
| Nuclear | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hydro | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-hydro renewable | 15,875 | 0 | 0 | 15,875 |
| Energy efficiency | 67,900 | 0 | 0 | 67,900 |
| Heat-rate improvements | 32,450 | 0 | 0 | 32,450 |
| Total | 123,000 | -19,775 | -7,550 | 95,675 |
| 2025 | ||||
| Coal | 0 | -17,800 | -15,300 | -33,100 |
| Natural gas | -25,225 | -725 | 2,700 | -23,250 |
| Oil and gas | 0 | -1,900 | 0 | -1,900 |
| Nuclear | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hydro | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-hydro renewable | -5,750 | 0 | 0 | -5,750 |
| Energy efficiency | 94,100 | 0 | 0 | 94,100 |
| Heat-rate improvements | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 63,125 | -20,425 | -12,600 | 30,100 |
| 2030 | ||||
| Coal | 0 | -18,950 | -17,300 | -36,250 |
| Natural gas | -34,400 | -3,300 | -2,000 | -39,700 |
| Oil and gas | 0 | -2,050 | 0 | -2,050 |
| Nuclear | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hydro | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-hydro renewable | -2,150 | 0 | 0 | -2,150 |
| Energy efficiency | 95,030 | 0 | 0 | 95,030 |
| Heat-rate improvements | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 58,480 | -24,300 | -19,300 | 14,880 |
Note: The abbreviation O&M stands for operation and maintenance. The table shows job changes relative to the non-CPP baseline.
Source: EPA Regulatory Impact Analysis of Clean Power Plan (2014)