Employer-provided retirement coverage rates, domestic workers versus other workers, 2018, by demographic

Domestic worker occupations
Child care workers Home care aides
All other (nondomestic) workers Domestic workers Percentage-point difference House cleaners Nannies Provider in own home Non-agency-based Agency-based
All 32.8% 9.1% -23.7 2.0% 3.5% 2.6% 6.6% 13.1%
Gender
Female 32.9% 8.9% -24 2.1% 3.5% 2.6% 5.5% 13.3%
Male 32.6% 10.6% -22.1 NA NA NA NA 11.5%
Nativity
U.S.-born 34.5% 9.4% -25.1 3.2% 2.4% 3.2% 6.3% 12.9%
Foreign-born U.S. citizen 31.2% 11.1% -20.1 NA NA NA NA 15.1%
Foreign-born noncitizen 18.2% 6.2% -12.1 1.1% NA NA NA 12.2%
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic 35.8% 9.6% -26.2 1.8% 3.0% 3.7% NA 14.7%
Black, non-Hispanic 31.3% 11.9% -19.4 NA NA NA NA 13.9%
Hispanic, any race 22.8% 5.6% -17.2 1.0% NA NA NA 10.0%
Asian American/Pacific Islander 32.4% 10.4% -21.9 NA NA NA NA 12.3%
Other 29.2% NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Education
Not high school graduate 11.0% 5.4% -5.7 2.1% NA NA NA 9.7%
High school graduate 26.5% 9.5% -17 1.4% NA 0.2% NA 14.1%
Some college 30.7% 9.9% -20.8 NA NA 4.4% NA 13.1%
Bachelor’s degree or more 42.6% 10.2% -32.4 NA NA NA NA 13.5%
Age
Under 23 7.7% 2.6% -5.1 NA NA NA NA NA
23–49 33.3% 11.0% -22.4 2.1% NA 3.1% NA 15.5%
50+ 37.9% 7.9% -29.9 2.1% NA 2.4% NA 11.2%

Notes: To ensure sufficient sample sizes, this table draws from pooled 2016–2018 microdata. “Foreign-born” refers to anyone who is not a U.S. citizen at birth.

To ensure sufficient sample sizes, this table draws from pooled 2016–2018 microdata. “Foreign-born” refers to anyone who is not a U.S. citizen at birth. “Foreign-born noncitizen” includes foreign-born persons who are either lawful permanent residents, in a nonimmigrant status (migrants with temporary visas), or lacking an immigration status, including both unauthorized immigrants and those with lawful presence (such as DACA recipients and asylum applicants whose cases are in process).

Source: Economic Policy Institute (EPI) analysis of Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement microdata

View the underlying data on epi.org.