Trump's deportations will reduce employment in every state: Overall and construction employment losses for 4 million national deportations over four years, by state
| State | Total job loss | U.S.-born job loss | Immigrant job loss | Overall | Total job loss | U.S.-born job loss | Immigrant job loss | Construction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 35,000 (1.6%) | 15,000 | 20,000 | 1.6% | 17,000 (9.9%) | 7,000 | 11,000 | 9.9% |
| Alaska | 4,000 (1.2%) | 2,000 | 2,000 | 1.2% | ||||
| Arizona | 141,000 (3.9%) | 62,000 | 80,000 | 3.9% | 60,000 (21.8%) | 23,000 | 37,000 | 21.8% |
| Arkansas | 24,000 (1.8%) | 11,000 | 14,000 | 1.8% | 14,000 (12.6%) | 5,000 | 9,000 | 12.6% |
| California | 1,141,000 (6.2%) | 498,000 | 643,000 | 6.2% | 343,000 (25.5%) | 130,000 | 212,000 | 25.5% |
| Colorado | 83,000 (2.7%) | 36,000 | 47,000 | 2.7% | 67,000 (22.8%) | 25,000 | 41,000 | 22.8% |
| Connecticut | 61,000 (3.3%) | 26,000 | 34,000 | 3.3% | 20,000 (15.5%) | 7,000 | 12,000 | 15.5% |
| Delaware | 16,000 (3.4%) | 7,000 | 9,000 | 3.4% | 5,000 (16.5%) | 2,000 | 3,000 | 16.5% |
| Washington D.C. | 11,000 (2.9%) | 5,000 | 6,000 | 2.9% | ||||
| Florida | 543,000 (5.1%) | 237,000 | 306,000 | 5.1% | 198,000 (20.6%) | 75,000 | 123,000 | 20.6% |
| Georgia | 184,000 (3.5%) | 80,000 | 104,000 | 3.5% | 93,000 (24.2%) | 35,000 | 58,000 | 24.2% |
| Hawaii | 21,000 (3.2%) | 9,000 | 12,000 | 3.2% | ||||
| Idaho | 21,000 (2.1%) | 9,000 | 12,000 | 2.1% | 8,000 (9.2%) | 3,000 | 5,000 | 9.2% |
| Illinois | 219,000 (3.5%) | 96,000 | 123,000 | 3.5% | 56,000 (17.7%) | 21,000 | 35,000 | 17.7% |
| Indiana | 73,000 (2.2%) | 32,000 | 41,000 | 2.2% | 24,000 (10.0%) | 9,000 | 15,000 | 10.0% |
| Iowa | 39,000 (2.4%) | 17,000 | 22,000 | 2.4% | 17,000 (13.5%) | 6,000 | 10,000 | 13.5% |
| Kansas | 36,000 (2.4%) | 16,000 | 20,000 | 2.4% | 15,000 (15.0%) | 6,000 | 9,000 | 15.0% |
| Kentucky | 52,000 (2.6%) | 23,000 | 29,000 | 2.6% | 16,000 (12.0%) | 6,000 | 10,000 | 12.0% |
| Louisiana | 39,000 (2.0%) | 17,000 | 22,000 | 2.0% | 27,000 (17.1%) | 10,000 | 17,000 | 17.1% |
| Maine | 5,000 (0.7%) | 2,000 | 3,000 | 0.7% | ||||
| Maryland | 115,000 (3.7%) | 50,000 | 65,000 | 3.7% | 45,000 (18.6%) | 17,000 | 28,000 | 18.6% |
| Massachusetts | 148,000 (4.0%) | 65,000 | 84,000 | 4.0% | 44,000 (16.5%) | 17,000 | 27,000 | 16.5% |
| Michigan | 78,000 (1.6%) | 34,000 | 44,000 | 1.6% | 15,000 (5.3%) | 6,000 | 10,000 | 5.3% |
| Minnesota | 69,000 (2.3%) | 30,000 | 39,000 | 2.3% | 20,000 (9.7%) | 7,000 | 12,000 | 9.7% |
| Mississippi | 11,000 (0.9%) | 5,000 | 6,000 | 0.9% | 8,000 (8.3%) | 3,000 | 5,000 | 8.3% |
| Missouri | 33,000 (1.1%) | 14,000 | 19,000 | 1.1% | 9,000 (4.1%) | 3,000 | 5,000 | 4.1% |
| Montana | 3,000 (0.5%) | 1,000 | 2,000 | 0.5% | ||||
| Nebraska | 26,000 (2.6%) | 12,000 | 15,000 | 2.6% | 7,000 (9.8%) | 3,000 | 4,000 | 9.8% |
| Nevada | 72,000 (4.7%) | 32,000 | 41,000 | 4.7% | 31,000 (26.3%) | 12,000 | 19,000 | 26.3% |
| New Hampshire | 8,000 (1.1%) | 4,000 | 5,000 | 1.1% | ||||
| New Jersey | 234,000 (5.1%) | 102,000 | 132,000 | 5.1% | 67,000 (23.8%) | 26,000 | 42,000 | 23.8% |
| New Mexico | 28,000 (3.0%) | 12,000 | 16,000 | 3.0% | 13,000 (19.2%) | 5,000 | 8,000 | 19.2% |
| New York | 429,000 (4.6%) | 187,000 | 241,000 | 4.6% | 148,000 (24.5%) | 56,000 | 92,000 | 24.5% |
| North Carolina | 188,000 (3.7%) | 82,000 | 106,000 | 3.7% | 123,000 (25.5%) | 47,000 | 76,000 | 25.5% |
| North Dakota | 6,000 (1.4%) | 2,000 | 3,000 | 1.4% | ||||
| Ohio | 84,000 (1.5%) | 37,000 | 47,000 | 1.5% | 22,000 (7.0%) | 8,000 | 14,000 | 7.0% |
| Oklahoma | 43,000 (2.2%) | 19,000 | 24,000 | 2.2% | 29,000 (19.2%) | 11,000 | 18,000 | 19.2% |
| Oregon | 48,000 (2.3%) | 21,000 | 27,000 | 2.3% | 15,000 (10.8%) | 6,000 | 9,000 | 10.8% |
| Pennsylvania | 115,000 (1.8%) | 50,000 | 65,000 | 1.8% | 20,000 (4.9%) | 8,000 | 13,000 | 4.9% |
| Rhode Island | 20,000 (3.6%) | 9,000 | 11,000 | 3.6% | 5,000 (15.6%) | 2,000 | 3,000 | 15.6% |
| South Carolina | 62,000 (2.5%) | 27,000 | 35,000 | 2.5% | 37,000 (19.0%) | 14,000 | 23,000 | 19.0% |
| South Dakota | 6,000 (1.2%) | 2,000 | 3,000 | 1.2% | ||||
| Tennessee | 68,000 (2.1%) | 30,000 | 38,000 | 2.1% | 55,000 (18.8%) | 21,000 | 34,000 | 18.8% |
| Texas | 865,000 (5.8%) | 378,000 | 487,000 | 5.8% | 440,000 (32.1%) | 167,000 | 273,000 | 32.1% |
| Utah | 51,000 (2.9%) | 22,000 | 29,000 | 2.9% | 22,000 (14.6%) | 8,000 | 14,000 | 14.6% |
| Vermont | 3,000 (0.9%) | 1,000 | 2,000 | 0.9% | ||||
| Virginia | 120,000 (2.7%) | 52,000 | 68,000 | 2.7% | 57,000 (20.3%) | 22,000 | 35,000 | 20.3% |
| Washington | 152,000 (4.0%) | 66,000 | 86,000 | 4.0% | 31,000 (11.9%) | 12,000 | 19,000 | 11.9% |
| West Virginia | 4,000 (0.6%) | 2,000 | 2,000 | 0.6% | ||||
| Wisconsin | 47,000 (1.5%) | 20,000 | 26,000 | 1.5% | 10,000 (4.8%) | 4,000 | 6,000 | 4.8% |
| Wyoming | 2,000 (0.8%) | 1,000 | 1,000 | 0.8% |
Note: Calculations assume 1,000,000 deportations annually for four years. N/A values indicate construction employment is too small in a state to create accurate estimates.
Source: Extrapolations from East et al. (2023) and Howard, Wang, and Zhang (2024), as described in the text. Baseline employment levels from EPI (2025) analysis of the 2024 basic monthly Current Population Survey.