Trump's deportations will shrink the direct care industry: Job losses after 4 million deportations
| Job losses | |
|---|---|
| Immigrant | 274,000 |
| U.S.-born | 120,000 |
| Total | 394,000 |
Note: Job losses after four years of one million annual deportations, following Zipperer (2025).
Source: Author's analysis of Kreider and Warner (2025).