Trump's deportations will harm the construction industry in every state: Deportations and construction employment losses for 4 million national deportations over four years
| Construction job losses | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall deportations |
Immigrant | U.S.-born | Total (level) | Total (percent) | |
| Alabama | 24,000 | 11,000 | 7,000 | 17,000 | 9.9% |
| Alaska | 3,000 | – | – | – | – |
| Arizona | 96,000 | 37,000 | 23,000 | 60,000 | 21.8% |
| Arkansas | 17,000 | 9,000 | 5,000 | 14,000 | 12.6% |
| California | 775,000 | 212,000 | 130,000 | 343,000 | 25.5% |
| Colorado | 56,000 | 41,000 | 25,000 | 67,000 | 22.8% |
| Connecticut | 41,000 | 12,000 | 7,000 | 20,000 | 15.5% |
| Delaware | 11,000 | 3,000 | 2,000 | 5,000 | 16.5% |
| District of Columbia | 8,000 | – | – | – | – |
| Florida | 369,000 | 123,000 | 75,000 | 198,000 | 20.6% |
| Georgia | 125,000 | 58,000 | 35,000 | 93,000 | 24.2% |
| Hawaii | 14,000 | – | – | – | – |
| Idaho | 14,000 | 5,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 9.2% |
| Illinois | 149,000 | 35,000 | 21,000 | 56,000 | 17.7% |
| Indiana | 49,000 | 15,000 | 9,000 | 24,000 | 10.0% |
| Iowa | 26,000 | 10,000 | 6,000 | 17,000 | 13.5% |
| Kansas | 25,000 | 9,000 | 6,000 | 15,000 | 15.0% |
| Kentucky | 35,000 | 10,000 | 6,000 | 16,000 | 12.0% |
| Louisiana | 27,000 | 17,000 | 10,000 | 27,000 | 17.1% |
| Maine | 3,000 | – | – | – | – |
| Maryland | 78,000 | 28,000 | 17,000 | 45,000 | 18.6% |
| Massachusetts | 101,000 | 27,000 | 17,000 | 44,000 | 16.5% |
| Michigan | 53,000 | 10,000 | 6,000 | 15,000 | 5.3% |
| Minnesota | 47,000 | 12,000 | 7,000 | 20,000 | 9.7% |
| Mississippi | 7,000 | 5,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 8.3% |
| Missouri | 22,000 | 5,000 | 3,000 | 9,000 | 4.1% |
| Montana | 2,000 | – | – | – | – |
| Nebraska | 18,000 | 4,000 | 3,000 | 7,000 | 9.8% |
| Nevada | 49,000 | 19,000 | 12,000 | 31,000 | 26.3% |
| New Hampshire | 6,000 | – | – | – | – |
| New Jersey | 159,000 | 42,000 | 26,000 | 67,000 | 23.8% |
| New Mexico | 19,000 | 8,000 | 5,000 | 13,000 | 19.2% |
| New York | 291,000 | 92,000 | 56,000 | 148,000 | 24.5% |
| North Carolina | 128,000 | 76,000 | 47,000 | 123,000 | 25.5% |
| North Dakota | 4,000 | – | – | – | – |
| Ohio | 57,000 | 14,000 | 8,000 | 22,000 | 7.0% |
| Oklahoma | 29,000 | 18,000 | 11,000 | 29,000 | 19.2% |
| Oregon | 32,000 | 9,000 | 6,000 | 15,000 | 10.8% |
| Pennsylvania | 78,000 | 13,000 | 8,000 | 20,000 | 4.9% |
| Rhode Island | 14,000 | 3,000 | 2,000 | 5,000 | 15.6% |
| South Carolina | 42,000 | 23,000 | 14,000 | 37,000 | 19.0% |
| South Dakota | 4,000 | – | – | – | – |
| Tennessee | 46,000 | 34,000 | 21,000 | 55,000 | 18.8% |
| Texas | 588,000 | 273,000 | 167,000 | 440,000 | 32.1% |
| Utah | 35,000 | 14,000 | 8,000 | 22,000 | 14.6% |
| Vermont | 2,000 | – | – | – | – |
| Virginia | 82,000 | 35,000 | 22,000 | 57,000 | 20.3% |
| Washington | 103,000 | 19,000 | 12,000 | 31,000 | 11.9% |
| West Virginia | 3,000 | – | – | – | – |
| Wisconsin | 32,000 | 6,000 | 4,000 | 10,000 | 4.8% |
| Wyoming | 2,000 | – | – | – | – |
| United States | 4,000,000 | 1,405,000 | 861,000 | 2,266,000 | 18.8% |
Note: Calculations assume 1,000,000 deportations annually for four years. "-" indicates construction employment is too small in a state to create accurate estimates.
Source: Extrapolations from East et al. (2023) and Howard, Wang, and Zhang (2024), as described in the text. Baseline employment levels from EPI (2025) analysis of the 2024 basic monthly Current Population Survey.