Male lifetime likelihood of going to state or federal prison, by race and ethnicity, 1974–2001
| Black male | White male | Hispanic male | All male | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1974 | 13.4% | 2.2% | 4% | 3.6% |
| 1979 | 13.4 | 2.5 | 6 | 4.1 |
| 1986 | 17.4 | 3.6 | 11.1 | 6 |
| 1991 | 29.4 | 4.4 | 16.3 | 9.1 |
| 1997 | 31 | 5.4 | 18 | 10.6 |
| 2001 | 32.2 | 5.9 | 17.2 | 11.3 |
Notes: The black and white categories exclude persons of Hispanic origin. Percents represent the chances of being admitted to state or federal prison during a lifetime. Estimates were obtained by applying age-specific first incarceration and mortality rates for each group to a hypothetical population of 100,000 births. See methodology section in Bonczar (2003).
Source: Bonczar (2003)