How fourth- and eighth-graders perform on math and reading tests relative to their peers, by race/ethnicity and poverty level, 2003
| Eighth-grade math a | Eighth-grade reading a | Fourth-grade math | Fourth-grade reading | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| African American | -0.712*** | -0.545*** | -0.663*** | -0.532*** |
| (0.014) | (0.014) | (0.012) | (0.012) | |
| Hispanic English language learner | -1.032*** | -1.079*** | -0.839*** | -0.900*** |
| (0.041) | (0.044) | (0.022) | (0.025) | |
| Hispanic non-English language learner | -0.302*** | -0.265*** | -0.287*** | -0.291*** |
| (0.015) | (0.018) | (0.022) | (0.020) | |
| Asian English language learner | -0.588*** | -0.917*** | -0.287*** | -0.601*** |
| (0.084) | (0.089) | (0.070) | (0.065) | |
| Asian non-English language learner | 0.168*** | 0.047 | 0.268*** | 0.086*** |
| (0.033) | (0.029) | (0.041) | (0.032) | |
| Native American or other | -0.310*** | -0.349*** | -0.317*** | -0.321*** |
| (0.051) | (0.044) | (0.023) | (0.027) | |
| Eligible for reduced-price lunch | -0.260*** | -0.207*** | -0.304*** | -0.313*** |
| (0.013) | (0.015) | (0.013) | (0.014) | |
| Eligible for free lunch | -0.460*** | -0.414*** | -0.514*** | -0.487*** |
| (0.013) | (0.011) | (0.011) | (0.010) |
Notes: The table shows regression estimates measured in standard deviations—how students in different minority groups scored relative to white peers (top panel) and how students who were eligible for reduced-price lunch or free lunch scored relative to students who were not eligible (bottom panel). *** p<0.01
Notes on data controls: a. Eighth-grade estimates for race/ethnicity include a control variable for parents’ education in addition to eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch (FRPL); fourth-grade estimates for race/ethnicity include a control for eligibility for FRPL, but do not include parents’ education because it is not available. Eighth-grade estimates of FRPL coefficients include a control variable for parents' education in addition to race/ethnicity; fourth-grade estimates of FRPL coefficients include a control for race/ethnicity, but do not include the parents' education variable.
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress microdata, 2003