Summary of impact of increasing the minimum wage to $15 by 2025 (in 2025), by state
| State | Total estimated state workforce (thousands) | Directly affected (thousands) | Share of state workforce directly affected | Indirectly affected (thousands) | Share of state workforce indirectly affected | Total affected (thousands) | Total share of state workforce affected | State’s share of total affected nationally | Change in total annual wages of state’s affected workers (2018$, thousands) | Change in avg. annual earnings of state’s affected year-round affected workers (2018$) | Real percent change in avg. annual earnings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National total | 150,469 | 23,237 | 15.4% | 10,222 | 6.8% | 33,459 | 22.2% | 100.0% | $109,327,417 | $3,300 | 13.3% |
| Alabama | 2,016 | 565 | 28.0% | 153 | 7.6% | 717 | 35.6% | 2.1% | $2,880,374 | $4,000 | 16.6% |
| Alaska | 352 | 66 | 18.8% | 19 | 5.4% | 85 | 24.2% | 0.3% | $220,584 | $2,600 | 9.2% |
| Arizona | 3,020 | 149 | 4.9% | 850 | 28.2% | 999 | 33.1% | 3.0% | $830,454 | $800 | 3.0% |
| Arkansas | 1,246 | 360 | 28.9% | 97 | 7.8% | 457 | 36.7% | 1.4% | $1,017,352 | $2,200 | 8.3% |
| California | 19,073 | 5 | 0.0% | 5 | 0.0% | 9 | 0.0% | 0.0% | $15,863 | $1,700 | 5.9% |
| Colorado | 2,684 | 97 | 3.6% | 621 | 23.1% | 718 | 26.8% | 2.1% | $532,839 | $700 | 2.7% |
| Connecticut | 1,778 | 8 | 0.5% | 44 | 2.5% | 52 | 2.9% | 0.2% | $72,685 | $1,400 | 5.1% |
| Delaware | 436 | 102 | 23.5% | 32 | 7.3% | 134 | 30.8% | 0.4% | $438,661 | $3,300 | 13.9% |
| District of Columbia | 364 | 2 | 0.6% | 9 | 2.3% | 11 | 3.0% | 0.0% | $34,029 | $3,100 | 9.3% |
| Florida | 8,969 | 2,397 | 26.7% | 712 | 7.9% | 3,109 | 34.7% | 9.3% | $10,803,265 | $3,500 | 14.0% |
| Georgia | 4,564 | 1,197 | 26.2% | 333 | 7.3% | 1,530 | 33.5% | 4.6% | $6,381,944 | $4,200 | 17.4% |
| Hawaii | 729 | 174 | 23.9% | 51 | 7.0% | 225 | 30.9% | 0.7% | $561,361 | $2,500 | 9.7% |
| Idaho | 712 | 194 | 27.3% | 54 | 7.6% | 248 | 34.9% | 0.7% | $1,001,496 | $4,000 | 17.0% |
| Illinois | 6,164 | 52 | 0.8% | 167 | 2.7% | 219 | 3.6% | 0.7% | $467,096 | $2,100 | 8.1% |
| Indiana | 3,026 | 776 | 25.6% | 240 | 7.9% | 1,016 | 33.6% | 3.0% | $3,618,793 | $3,600 | 15.3% |
| Iowa | 1,525 | 386 | 25.3% | 105 | 6.9% | 491 | 32.2% | 1.5% | $1,619,966 | $3,300 | 14.5% |
| Kansas | 1,381 | 329 | 23.8% | 119 | 8.6% | 447 | 32.4% | 1.3% | $1,490,682 | $3,300 | 13.7% |
| Kentucky | 1,860 | 513 | 27.6% | 139 | 7.5% | 652 | 35.1% | 1.9% | $2,781,378 | $4,300 | 18.0% |
| Louisiana | 1,993 | 557 | 27.9% | 163 | 8.2% | 720 | 36.1% | 2.2% | $3,271,408 | $4,500 | 18.7% |
| Maine | 616 | 32 | 5.1% | 160 | 26.0% | 192 | 31.1% | 0.6% | $176,685 | $900 | 3.5% |
| Maryland | 3,056 | 24 | 0.8% | 87 | 2.8% | 111 | 3.6% | 0.3% | $324,647 | $2,900 | 10.6% |
| Massachusetts | 3,470 | 25 | 0.7% | 90 | 2.6% | 115 | 3.3% | 0.3% | $263,292 | $2,300 | 8.6% |
| Michigan | 4,375 | 1,001 | 22.9% | 356 | 8.1% | 1,357 | 31.0% | 4.1% | $3,547,310 | $2,600 | 11.0% |
| Minnesota | 2,777 | 333 | 12.0% | 97 | 3.5% | 430 | 15.5% | 1.3% | $733,545 | $1,700 | 7.6% |
| Mississippi | 1,204 | 378 | 31.4% | 100 | 8.3% | 478 | 39.7% | 1.4% | $2,176,212 | $4,600 | 18.7% |
| Missouri | 2,762 | 636 | 23.0% | 210 | 7.6% | 846 | 30.6% | 2.5% | $1,336,602 | $1,600 | 6.3% |
| Montana | 457 | 123 | 26.9% | 33 | 7.2% | 156 | 34.1% | 0.5% | $421,124 | $2,700 | 11.6% |
| Nebraska | 951 | 203 | 21.4% | 95 | 9.9% | 298 | 31.3% | 0.9% | $721,848 | $2,400 | 10.0% |
| Nevada | 1,396 | 393 | 28.2% | 146 | 10.4% | 539 | 38.6% | 1.6% | $1,050,316 | $1,900 | 7.0% |
| New Hampshire | 678 | 116 | 17.1% | 43 | 6.4% | 159 | 23.5% | 0.5% | $460,966 | $2,900 | 13.3% |
| New Jersey | 4,439 | 15 | 0.3% | 139 | 3.1% | 154 | 3.5% | 0.5% | $336,402 | $2,200 | 7.7% |
| New Mexico | 940 | 264 | 28.0% | 88 | 9.3% | 351 | 37.4% | 1.0% | $777,868 | $2,200 | 8.5% |
| New York | 9,535 | 135 | 1.4% | 966 | 10.1% | 1,101 | 11.5% | 3.3% | $902,245 | $800 | 3.0% |
| North Carolina | 4,496 | 1,192 | 26.5% | 308 | 6.8% | 1,500 | 33.4% | 4.5% | $6,204,993 | $4,100 | 17.3% |
| North Dakota | 380 | 72 | 19.0% | 27 | 7.2% | 100 | 26.2% | 0.3% | $299,781 | $3,000 | 12.7% |
| Ohio | 5,309 | 1,365 | 25.7% | 370 | 7.0% | 1,735 | 32.7% | 5.2% | $5,476,859 | $3,200 | 13.4% |
| Oklahoma | 1,724 | 427 | 24.8% | 135 | 7.9% | 563 | 32.6% | 1.7% | $2,355,164 | $4,200 | 17.1% |
| Oregon | 1,824 | 19 | 1.1% | 270 | 14.8% | 289 | 15.9% | 0.9% | $147,427 | $500 | 1.8% |
| Pennsylvania | 5,920 | 1,391 | 23.5% | 449 | 7.6% | 1,840 | 31.1% | 5.5% | $6,840,333 | $3,700 | 16.4% |
| Rhode Island | 518 | 87 | 16.8% | 44 | 8.5% | 131 | 25.3% | 0.4% | $278,357 | $2,100 | 8.9% |
| South Carolina | 2,140 | 502 | 23.5% | 182 | 8.5% | 684 | 32.0% | 2.0% | $2,772,993 | $4,100 | 16.9% |
| South Dakota | 414 | 98 | 23.6% | 35 | 8.5% | 133 | 32.0% | 0.4% | $323,404 | $2,400 | 9.8% |
| Tennessee | 2,933 | 766 | 26.1% | 243 | 8.3% | 1,009 | 34.4% | 3.0% | $3,949,924 | $3,900 | 15.9% |
| Texas | 13,345 | 3,543 | 26.6% | 996 | 7.5% | 4,539 | 34.0% | 13.6% | $19,553,032 | $4,300 | 17.5% |
| Utah | 1,369 | 354 | 25.8% | 99 | 7.2% | 453 | 33.1% | 1.4% | $1,451,431 | $3,200 | 14.4% |
| Vermont | 301 | 58 | 19.2% | 22 | 7.4% | 80 | 26.6% | 0.2% | $109,636 | $1,400 | 5.4% |
| Virginia | 4,058 | 863 | 21.3% | 263 | 6.5% | 1,126 | 27.7% | 3.4% | $4,261,538 | $3,800 | 15.9% |
| Washington | 3,360 | 3 | 0.1% | 3 | 0.1% | 6 | 0.2% | 0.0% | $10,222 | $1,800 | 6.6% |
| West Virginia | 717 | 185 | 25.8% | 51 | 7.1% | 236 | 32.9% | 0.7% | $784,426 | $3,300 | 13.7% |
| Wisconsin | 2,834 | 643 | 22.7% | 186 | 6.6% | 829 | 29.2% | 2.5% | $2,920,966 | $3,500 | 16.2% |
| Wyoming | 279 | 63 | 22.6% | 19 | 6.7% | 82 | 29.4% | 0.2% | $317,643 | $3,900 | 16.2% |
Notes: Values reflect the result of the proposed change in the federal minimum wage. Wage changes resulting from scheduled state and local minimum wage laws are accounted for by EPI’s Minimum Wage Simulation Model. Totals may not sum due to rounding. Shares calculated from unrounded values. Directly affected workers would see their wages rise as the new minimum wage rate will exceed their current hourly pay. Indirectly affected workers have a wage rate just above the new minimum wage (between the new minimum wage and 115 percent of the new minimum). They would receive a raise as employer pay scales are adjusted upward to reflect the new minimum wage.
Source: Economic Policy Institute Minimum Wage Simulation Model using data from the Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and Congressional Budget Office. See David Cooper, Zane Mokhiber, and Ben Zipperer, Minimum Wage Simulation Model Technical Methodology, February 2019. Dollar values adjusted by projections for CPI-U in CBO 2019.