Mandatory arbitration in U.S. workplaces, by industry
| Industry | Mandatory arbitration |
|---|---|
| Construction | 37.7%** |
| Manufacturing | 52.9% |
| Wholesale trade | 52.9% |
| Retail trade | 57.1% |
| Transportation | 51.3% |
| Information | 59.1% |
| Finance, insurance, and real estate | 48.5% |
| Business services | 61.1% |
| Education and health | 62.1%* |
| Leisure and hospitality | 54.0% |
| Other services | 48.5% |
* p < 0.10; ** p < 0.05
Notes: Percentages indicate the share of workplaces with mandatory arbitration policies in each industry. The symbols * and ** indicate that the adoption of mandatory arbitration is significantly different from the other categories in the table combined at the 0.10 level and 0.05 level, respectively. Classifications are based on two-digit NAICS codes. Industries with fewer than 20 observations in the data set are not reported because sample sizes are too small to yield reliable estimates.
Source: Author’s original survey data (see the methodological appendix)