States with anti-union laws restricting collective bargaining rights: States with statutory restrictions on all workers' collective bargaining rights due to so-called right-to-work laws
| State | Key | Right-to-work status |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 0 | RTW |
| Alaska | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Arizona | 0 | RTW |
| Arkansas | 0 | RTW |
| California | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Colorado | 2 | Colorado |
| Connecticut | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Delaware | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Florida | 0 | RTW |
| Georgia | 0 | RTW |
| Hawaii | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Idaho | 0 | RTW |
| Illinois | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Indiana | 0 | RTW |
| Iowa | 0 | RTW |
| Kansas | 0 | RTW |
| Kentucky | 0 | RTW |
| Louisiana | 0 | RTW |
| Maine | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Maryland | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Massachusetts | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Michigan | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Minnesota | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Mississippi | 0 | RTW |
| Missouri | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Montana | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Nebraska | 0 | RTW |
| Nevada | 0 | RTW |
| New Hampshire | 1 | Non-RTW |
| New Jersey | 1 | Non-RTW |
| New Mexico | 1 | Non-RTW |
| New York | 1 | Non-RTW |
| North Carolina | 0 | RTW |
| North Dakota | 0 | RTW |
| Ohio | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Oklahoma | 0 | RTW |
| Oregon | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Pennsylvania | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Rhode Island | 1 | Non-RTW |
| South Carolina | 0 | RTW |
| South Dakota | 0 | RTW |
| Tennessee | 0 | RTW |
| Texas | 0 | RTW |
| Utah | 0 | RTW |
| Vermont | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Virginia | 0 | RTW |
| Washington | 1 | Non-RTW |
| Washington D.C. | 1 | Non-RTW |
| West Virginia | 0 | RTW |
| Wisconsin | 0 | RTW |
| Wyoming | 0 | RTW |
Notes: Right-to-work status determined as of January 2025. Colorado prohibits unions and employers from negotiating over union security (as RTW states do) except in cases where a union has won a state-administered second election by a super-majority.
Source: Author's analysis of "Right-to-Work States," National Conference of State Legislatures.