Comparing U.S. trends for all and for disadvantaged students, Long-Term Trend and Main NAEP, PISA, and TIMSS
1992 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2011 | Average annual change, earliest to latest year shown | Average annual change, 1998–2000 to 2007–2009 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reading | ||||||||||||||||||
LTT | ||||||||||||||||||
All | 260 | 258 | 258 | 259 | 258 | 260 | 0.0% | 0.0% | ||||||||||
Mother < HS | 242 | 245 | 243 | 241 | 242 | 243 | 0.0 | 0.1 | ||||||||||
Af Am | 238 | 234 | 234 | 238 | 241 | 247 | 0.2 | 0.4 | ||||||||||
Main | ||||||||||||||||||
All | 260 | 260 | 263 | 264 | 263 | 262 | 263 | 264 | 265 | 0.1 | 0.0 | |||||||
Mother < HS | 245 | 244 | 248 | 251 | 249 | 247 | 248 | 250 | 250 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||||||
Af Am | 237 | 236 | 243 | 245 | 244 | 243 | 245 | 246 | 249 | 0.3 | 0.1 | |||||||
PISA | ||||||||||||||||||
All | 504 | 495 | 500 | -0.1 | -0.1 | |||||||||||||
Group 1 | 418 | 422 | 442 | 0.6 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||
Group 2 | 455 | 457 | 471 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |||||||||||||
Math | ||||||||||||||||||
LTT | ||||||||||||||||||
All | 273 | 274 | 274 | 276 | 280 | 281 | 0.2% | 0.2% | ||||||||||
Mother < HS | 259 | 260 | 261 | 265 | 270 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |||||||||||
Af Am | 250 | 252 | 252 | 251 | 259 | 262 | 0.3 | 0.5 | ||||||||||
Main | ||||||||||||||||||
All | 268 | 271 | 274 | 278 | 279 | 281 | 283 | 284 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||||||
Mother < HS | 252 | 255 | 256 | 260 | 262 | 265 | 267 | 268 | 0.3 | 0.5 | ||||||||
Af Am | 237 | 241 | 245 | 252 | 255 | 260 | 261 | 262 | 0.6 | 0.7 | ||||||||
PISA | ||||||||||||||||||
All | 493 | 483 | 474 | 487 | -0.1 | -0.1 | ||||||||||||
Group 1 | 416 | 420 | 417 | 434 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||
Group 2 | 446 | 445 | 436 | 464 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||||||||||||
TIMSS | ||||||||||||||||||
All | 492 | 502 | 504 | 508 | 509 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |||||||||||
Group 1 | 439 | 449 | 461 | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||
Group 2 | 461 | 473 | 482 | 0.6 |
Note: The TIMSS “all” figure for 1995 comes not from the TIMSS database but is a corrected number as reported in the TIMSS 1999 report. For years when NAEP introduced testing with accommodations, scores shown are averages of results with and without accommodations. Mother < HS is mother's educational status is less than high school, and Af Am is African American.
Source: Authors' analysis of Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) databases, various years (Boston College International Study Center); OECD Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) databases, various years; National Center for Education Statistics' NAEP Data Explorer