Social class distribution, Massachusetts, Minnesota, and U.S. compared with similar post-industrial countries, on PISA mathematics scale
| Massachusetts | Minnesota | France | Germany | U.K. | U.S. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TIMSS 2007 social class distribution (percent) | Average score, TIMSS 2007 on PISA scale | TIMSS 2007 social class distribution (percent) | Average score, TIMSS 2007 on PISA scale | PISA “2007” social class distribution (percent) | Average score, PISA “2007” | PISA “2007” social class distribution (percent) | Average score, PISA “2007” | PISA “2007” social class distribution (percent) | Average score, PISA “2007” | PISA “2007” social class distribution (percent) | Average score, PISA “2007” | |
| (1) Group 1 (Lowest) | 12 | 459 | 10 | 464 | 13 | 419 | 11 | 421 | 13 | 437 | 17 | 423 |
| (2) Group 2 | 15 | 486 | 16 | 488 | 17 | 453 | 13 | 455 | 15 | 453 | 16 | 445 |
| (3) Group 3 | 27 | 523 | 30 | 503 | 31 | 496 | 31 | 501 | 30 | 490 | 28 | 479 |
| (4) Group 4 | 19 | 534 | 21 | 523 | 18 | 524 | 20 | 531 | 18 | 514 | 18 | 504 |
| (5) Group 5/6 (Higher/highest) | 26 | 554 | 23 | 530 | 21 | 560 | 26 | 567 | 24 | 548 | 20 | 535 |
| (6) State (country) social class-weighted average | 520 | 507 | 497 | 509 | 496 | 479 | ||||||
| (7) State (country) average (with U.S. weights) | 514 | 503 | 494 | 498 | 491 | 479 | ||||||
Note: PISA "2007" is a weighted average of PISA 2006 and PISA 2009 data, where PISA 2006 has twice the weight of PISA 2009.
Source: Authors' analysis of Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007 database (Boston College International Study Center) and OECD Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2006 and 2009 databases