Student and school characteristics in the eighth-grade mathematics NAEP sample, 1996–2013
| 1996 | 2000 | 2003 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 | 2013 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Student characteristics Share of students who are: |
||||||||
| Female | 49.4% | 48.8% | 49.1% | 49.1% | 49.1% | 49.0% | 48.9% | 48.8% |
| White | 70.8% | 68.6% | 64.0% | 61.7% | 59.6% | 57.7% | 55.0% | 54.2% |
| Black | 15.5% | 16.5% | 17.3% | 16.7% | 16.9% | 18.1% | 17.9% | 17.6% |
| Hispanic | 7.5% | 8.1% | 11.3% | 13.9% | 14.9% | 15.7% | 17.8% | 18.8% |
| Hispanic ELL | 1.3% | 1.8% | 3.2% | 3.7% | 4.0% | 3.3% | 3.7% | 3.7% |
| Hispanic non-ELL | 6.1% | 6.2% | 8.1% | 10.2% | 11.0% | 12.4% | 14.0% | 15.2% |
| Asian | 3.7% | 4.1% | 4.7% | 4.6% | 4.6% | 4.9% | 4.3% | 4.2% |
| Asian ELL | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.7% |
| Asian non-ELL | 3.3% | 3.6% | 4.0% | 3.9% | 4.0% | 4.2% | 3.6% | 3.5% |
| Native American or other | 2.4% | 2.7% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 4.0% | 3.7% | 3.2% | 5.1% |
| IEP (excludes ELL) | 10.1% | 12.0% | 12.3% | 12.4% | 12.0% | 12.3% | 11.6% | 12.1% |
| ELL | 2.2% | 3.1% | 5.1% | 5.5% | 5.7% | 4.9% | 5.4% | 5.3% |
| Not FRPL eligible | 67.5% | 64.5% | 60.4% | 58.4% | 56.7% | 54.2% | 50.0% | 47.9% |
| Eligible for reduced-price lunch | 6.6% | 7.8% | 7.9% | 7.6% | 6.4% | 6.5% | 5.6% | 5.2% |
| Eligible for free lunch | 25.9% | 27.3% | 31.7% | 34.0% | 36.9% | 39.3% | 44.4% | 46.9% |
| Parents’ education level | ||||||||
| Some college | 20.3% | 20.4% | 20.1% | 19.5% | 19.2% | 19.0% | 18.2% | 17.1% |
| College degree | 47.1% | 47.8% | 52.5% | 52.1% | 52.2% | 52.6% | 54.6% | 55.6% |
| School characteristics Share of schools with given concentration of poor and minority students |
||||||||
| Low to high poverty as measured by low to high shares of students who are FRPL-eligible | ||||||||
| 0 to 10% | 15.3% | 16.5% | 16.6% | 11.3% | 10.8% | 9.6% | 7.7% | 7.2% |
| 11 to 25% | 23.4% | 23.3% | 21.0% | 18.6% | 18.2% | 15.8% | 14.0% | 13.7% |
| 26 to 50% | 30.1% | 32.6% | 30.3% | 34.9% | 34.4% | 34.3% | 31.8% | 30.7% |
| 51 to 75% | 15.5% | 17.7% | 16.4% | 19.6% | 19.6% | 21.4% | 23.7% | 24.2% |
| 76 to 100% | 15.7% | 10.0% | 15.6% | 15.6% | 17.1% | 18.9% | 22.8% | 24.1% |
| Low to high segregation as measured by low to high shares of students who are minority students | ||||||||
| 0 to 10% | 44.0% | 42.0% | 38.3% | 34.5% | 32.4% | 30.2% | 26.8% | 25.8% |
| 11 to 25% | 18.8% | 18.0% | 17.2% | 17.0% | 16.5% | 17.1% | 17.2% | 17.1% |
| 26 to 50% | 16.9% | 16.7% | 15.7% | 16.8% | 17.8% | 17.7% | 18.2% | 18.6% |
| 51 to 75% | 9.2% | 10.7% | 10.5% | 12.5% | 12.6% | 12.3% | 13.0% | 13.6% |
| 76 to 100% | 11.1% | 12.6% | 18.2% | 19.2% | 20.6% | 22.7% | 24.8% | 24.9% |
| Average share of student poverty and minority student in schools (variables used in the regression analyses): | ||||||||
| FRPL eligibility | 39.8% | 37.2% | 40.0% | 43.0% | 44.0% | 46.2% | 49.7% | 50.6% |
| Black and Hispanic students | 27.5% | 29.4% | 33.5% | 35.8% | 37.2% | 38.9% | 41.2% | 41.7% |
| No. of observations (thousands) | 121.8 | 104.8 | 162.7 | 168.1 | 160.1 | 167.3 | 180.4 | 173.0 |
Notes: ELL stands for English language learner; IEP stands for individualized education plan (special education students have such plans); FRPL stands for free or reduced-price lunch (federally funded meal programs for students of families meeting certain income guidelines).
Source: EPI analysis of National Assessment of Educational Progress microdata, 1996–2013