Distribution of all workers, tipped workers, and waiters/bartenders, by demographic group

Category  Share of total workforce  Share of tipped workers  Share of waiters/bartenders
All 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Sex
Male 51.7% 33.4% 31.5%
Female 48.3% 66.6% 68.5%
Age
Under 20 3.4% 12.6% 12.8%
20 and older 96.6% 87.4% 87.2%
16–24 13.6% 37.2% 43.2%
25–39 33.2% 33.5% 34.8%
40–54 33.6% 19.3% 15.9%
55 and older 19.5% 10.0% 6.1%
Education
Less than high school 9.1% 14.6% 13.8%
High school 27.4% 33.7% 31.6%
Some college 29.9% 40.5% 42.7%
Bachelor’s or higher 33.6% 11.2% 11.9%
Race/ethnicity
White 66.1% 61.5% 66.6%
Black 11.0% 8.5% 6.8%
Hispanic 15.6% 17.7% 17.7%
Asian or other race 7.3% 12.3% 8.9%
Work hours
Part time (< 20 hours) 5.7% 14.6% 14.0%
Mid time (20–34 hours) 14.4% 38.9% 44.5%
Full time (35+ hours) 79.8% 46.5% 41.5%
Family structure
Married parent 26.9% 15.2% 11.7%
Single parent 7.6% 10.4% 12.2%
Married, no kids 27.7% 14.9% 10.7%
Unmarried, no kids 37.8% 59.5% 65.3%
Female workers only
Married parent 23.8% 16.3% 12.8%
Single parent 11.4% 14.1% 16.4%
Married, no kids 27.7% 14.6% 11.1%
Unmarried, no kids 37.1% 55.0% 59.7%

Source: Authors' analysis of Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group microdata, 2011–2013

View the underlying data on epi.org.