Actual and implied public investment as a share of GDP under various 2013 U.S. budget proposals, 2000–2023
| House Democratic budget alternative | Ryan plan (House) | Murray plan (Senate) | Congressional Progressive Caucus | Obama plan (White House) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 3.2% | ||||
| 2001 | 3.1% | ||||
| 2002 | 3.2% | ||||
| 2003 | 3.2% | ||||
| 2004 | 3.1% | ||||
| 2005 | 3.1% | ||||
| 2006 | 3.2% | ||||
| 2007 | 3.3% | ||||
| 2008 | 3.4% | ||||
| 2009 | 3.4% | ||||
| 2010 | 3.3% | ||||
| 2011 | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% |
| 2012 | 3.2% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.2% | 3.1% |
| 2013 | 3.4% | 3.2% | 3.2% | 3.4% | 3.3% |
| 2014 | 3.3% | 3.0% | 3.2% | 3.5% | 3.1% |
| 2015 | 3.1% | 2.8% | 3.1% | 3.5% | 3.0% |
| 2016 | 2.9% | 2.7% | 2.9% | 3.4% | 2.9% |
| 2017 | 2.8% | 2.6% | 2.8% | 3.2% | 2.8% |
| 2018 | 2.7% | 2.5% | 2.7% | 3.1% | 2.7% |
| 2019 | 2.7% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 3.1% | 2.7% |
| 2020 | 2.6% | 2.4% | 2.6% | 3.0% | 2.6% |
| 2021 | 2.6% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 3.0% | 2.6% |
| 2022 | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.5% | 2.9% | 2.5% |
| 2023 | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.9% | 2.4% |
Source: Author's analysis based on Bivens (2013)
