National average certified H-2B wage, average OES wage, and employer hourly wage savings in FY 2013 top 15 H-2B occupations, by state

SOC code Rank State Number of H-2B workers certified Weighted average hourly certified H-2B wage 2013 OES average hourly wage (state) Employer average hourly wage savings
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers
37-3011 1 Total 29,019 $9.28 12.65 $3.37
37-3011 TX 5,520 $8.87 11.16 $2.29
37-3011 PA 2,399 $9.20 13.41 $4.21
37-3011 CO 2,091 $10.24 13.54 $3.30
37-3011 MO 1,832 $8.92 12.2 $3.28
37-3011 VA 1,761 $9.16 12.08 $2.92
37-3011 MD 1,720 $9.51 13.17 $3.66
37-3011 NJ 1,344 $9.72 13.58 $3.86
37-3011 OH 1,119 $8.73 12.1 $3.37
37-3011 NY 1,036 $10.16 14.48 $4.32
37-3011 NC 891 $8.55 11.42 $2.87
37-3011 OK 862 $8.43 11.23 $2.80
37-3011 LA 860 $8.33 10.73 $2.40
37-3011 GA 723 $9.21 12.05 $2.84
37-3011 FL 712 $8.97 11.35 $2.38
37-3011 IL 527 $9.45 12.46 $3.01
37-3011 KS 484 $9.43 11.97 $2.54
37-3011 AZ 473 $8.60 11.2 $2.60
37-3011 AL 435 $9.73 10.83 $1.10
37-3011 UT 430 $10.50 11.67 $1.17
37-3011 KY 390 $8.83 11.41 $2.58
37-3011 MI 371 $9.98 12.39 $2.41
37-3011 IN 362 $9.10 11.44 $2.34
37-3011 DE 269 $9.70 12.11 $2.41
37-3011 MA 268 $12.61 16.11 $3.50
37-3011 MN 263 $10.43 13.21 $2.78
37-3011 CA 257 $10.59 13.75 $3.16
37-3011 TN 253 $9.08 11.77 $2.69
37-3011 MS 220 $8.93 10.68 $1.75
37-3011 SC 186 $8.30 10.86 $2.56
37-3011 AR 169 $8.67 10.72 $2.05
37-3011 CT 129 $10.67 15.28 $4.61
37-3011 WY 91 $10.77 13.83 $3.06
37-3011 NH 91 $10.58 14.28 $3.70
37-3011 WV 73 $8.22 10.86 $2.64
37-3011 WA 71 $11.35 14.62 $3.27
37-3011 ND 62 $9.29 12.54 $3.25
37-3011 ME 59 $10.56 12.85 $2.29
37-3011 SD 58 $9.77 11.64 $1.87
37-3011 NE 47 $10.29 11.79 $1.50
37-3011 ID 29 $9.72 12.09 $2.37
37-3011 RI 25 $9.91 14.19 $4.28
37-3011 OR 24 $9.68 13.54 $3.86
37-3011 IA 20 $9.69 12.18 $2.49
37-3011 WI 7 $8.50 13.28 $4.78
37-3011 AK 6 $9.94 14.91 $4.97
Forest and Conservation Workers
45-4011 2 Total 8,872 $10.63 13.88 $3.25
45-4011 AR 1,890 $10.75 11.88 $1.13
45-4011 MS 1,283 $10.14 15.6 $5.46
45-4011 ID 727 $11.85 N/A N/A
45-4011 SC 635 $9.61 14.05 $4.44
45-4011 AL 554 $10.35 13.45 $3.10
45-4011 VA 500 $10.77 14.5 $3.73
45-4011 GA 454 $8.82 13.55 $4.73
45-4011 OR 351 $11.21 15.2 $3.99
45-4011 WA 329 $10.58 12.58 $2.00
45-4011 UT 277 $10.22 N/A N/A
45-4011 FL 264 $10.30 N/A N/A
45-4011 ME 238 $9.38 N/A N/A
45-4011 MN 234 $12.45 N/A N/A
45-4011 CA 228 $9.69 10 $0.31
45-4011 LA 209 $11.31 15.54 $4.23
45-4011 WI 138 $10.00 20.19 $10.19
45-4011 OK 132 $16.72 N/A N/A
45-4011 VT 120 $9.34 N/A N/A
45-4011 TX 80 $11.96 15.49 $3.54
45-4011 NE 60 $11.80 15.06 $3.26
45-4011 NC 45 $12.13 14.2 $2.07
45-4011 IN 45 $13.07 N/A N/A
45-4011 MI 30 $11.40 14.89 $3.49
45-4011 AK 26 $14.88 N/A N/A
45-4011 PA 23 $9.11 20.75 $11.64
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
37-2012 3 Total 5,551 $9.08 10.64 $1.56
37-2012 FL 1,545 $8.83 9.69 $0.86
37-2012 MA 589 $10.44 12.73 $2.29
37-2012 MI 541 $8.34 10.68 $2.34
37-2012 SC 536 $8.58 8.99 $0.41
37-2012 ME 426 $9.06 9.98 $0.92
37-2012 CO 261 $11.49 10.46 -$1.03
37-2012 VT 197 $10.75 11.25 $0.50
37-2012 NY 154 $9.27 14.84 $5.57
37-2012 SD 130 $8.28 9.21 $0.93
37-2012 NC 130 $8.50 9.39 $0.89
37-2012 WY 121 $8.47 9.64 $1.17
37-2012 MO 111 $8.68 9.56 $0.88
37-2012 UT 105 $9.40 9.44 $0.04
37-2012 PA 90 $8.12 10.21 $2.09
37-2012 TX 84 $8.68 8.96 $0.28
37-2012 MT 75 $8.40 9.84 $1.44
37-2012 NJ 61 $9.52 11.05 $1.53
37-2012 VA 56 $5.21 9.82 $4.61
37-2012 AZ 52 $8.98 9.6 $0.62
37-2012 NH 51 $9.01 10.52 $1.51
37-2012 LA 42 $8.15 9.01 $0.86
37-2012 ND 39 $8.13 10.24 $2.11
37-2012 RI 35 $9.20 12.48 $3.28
37-2012 IN 29 $9.00 9.28 $0.28
37-2012 MD 26 $8.09 10.6 $2.51
37-2012 AL 20 $8.66 9.07 $0.41
37-2012 CA 16 $8.80 12.12 $3.32
37-2012 AK 8 $10.23 11.44 $1.21
37-2012 MN 8 $8.08 10.74 $2.66
37-2012 CT 5 $10.64 11.63 $0.99
37-2012 TN 4 $8.12 9.16 $1.04
37-2012 NE 4 $8.06 9.31 $1.25
Amusement and Recreation Attendants
39-3091 4 Total 5,383 $8.31 9.76 $1.45
39-3091 TX 794 $8.11 9.14 $1.03
39-3091 FL 779 $8.38 9.63 $1.25
39-3091 CA 534 $8.82 10.71 $1.89
39-3091 AZ 519 $8.14 9.15 $1.01
39-3091 NY 313 $8.76 10.43 $1.67
39-3091 WA 252 $8.09 11.41 $3.32
39-3091 OH 210 $8.29 9.52 $1.23
39-3091 PA 188 $8.15 9.51 $1.36
39-3091 LA 163 $8.10 9.11 $1.01
39-3091 MI 163 $8.09 9.38 $1.29
39-3091 MD 140 $8.27 9.38 $1.11
39-3091 IL 130 $8.06 11.1 $3.04
39-3091 IN 125 $8.02 9.02 $1.00
39-3091 OK 123 $7.97 8.98 $1.01
39-3091 SC 72 $8.11 9.18 $1.07
39-3091 NH 72 $8.52 9.83 $1.31
39-3091 CO 70 $8.39 9.8 $1.41
39-3091 RI 70 $8.10 9.63 $1.53
39-3091 MN 63 $8.67 9.28 $0.61
39-3091 ND 60 $8.09 9.86 $1.77
39-3091 WI 54 $8.03 9.84 $1.81
39-3091 ID 50 $7.97 9.03 $1.06
39-3091 AL 49 $8.03 8.88 $0.85
39-3091 MO 45 $10.41 9.13 -$1.28
39-3091 ME 45 $8.17 9.37 $1.20
39-3091 KS 40 $8.34 9.03 $0.69
39-3091 MA 39 $8.05 10.46 $2.41
39-3091 NJ 37 $8.05 9.36 $1.31
39-3091 UT 34 $8.57 9.11 $0.54
39-3091 KY 33 $7.97 8.53 $0.56
39-3091 GA 25 $8.05 9.51 $1.46
39-3091 NE 20 $9.74 9.16 -$0.58
39-3091 AR 16 $8.31 9.35 $1.04
39-3091 TN 15 $7.97 9.39 $1.42
39-3091 NM 15 $8.09 9.42 $1.33
39-3091 VA 13 $7.98 9.33 $1.35
39-3091 WV 13 $9.02 9.03 $0.01
Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers
51-3022 5 Total 2,982 $8.10 11.47 $3.37
51-3022 NC 701 $7.30 10.71 $3.41
51-3022 TX 498 $8.58 10.2 $1.62
51-3022 VA 459 $7.06 10.72 $3.66
51-3022 MD 422 $7.52 12.15 $4.63
51-3022 LA 407 $8.67 9.56 $0.89
51-3022 AL 136 $9.78 10.99 $1.21
51-3022 MS 128 $7.80 10.78 $2.98
51-3022 AK 123 $11.53 9.68 -$1.85
51-3022 FL 102 $9.87 11.59 $1.72
51-3022 SD 6 $10.33 N/A N/A
Construction Laborers
47-2061 6 Total 2,066 $10.44 16.84 $6.40
47-2061 TX 714 $9.39 13.01 $3.62
47-2061 SD 401 $10.49 12.73 $2.24
47-2061 NC 125 $9.71 12.46 $2.75
47-2061 LA 122 $11.35 13.62 $2.27
47-2061 AL 100 $11.47 12.8 $1.33
47-2061 AR 81 $8.40 12.26 $3.86
47-2061 PA 58 $11.40 16.89 $5.49
47-2061 AZ 51 $9.60 13.88 $4.28
47-2061 MS 40 $8.80 12.35 $3.55
47-2061 IA 36 $13.83 15.21 $1.38
47-2061 OK 33 $9.54 13.39 $3.85
47-2061 MN 30 $15.01 20.92 $5.91
47-2061 TN 27 $10.16 13.38 $3.22
47-2061 CO 27 $14.09 15.12 $1.03
47-2061 ND 25 $13.32 17.79 $4.47
47-2061 KY 23 $12.37 15.97 $3.60
47-2061 MA 23 $15.86 22.97 $7.11
47-2061 KS 22 $11.45 15.3 $3.85
47-2061 DE 20 $11.06 15.29 $4.23
47-2061 IL 20 $17.98 23 $5.02
47-2061 VA 19 $10.17 13.69 $3.52
47-2061 UT 15 $12.99 13.97 $0.98
47-2061 NV 12 $11.78 18.52 $6.74
47-2061 NY 11 $10.93 23.23 $12.30
47-2061 MD 10 $12.29 14.25 $1.96
47-2061 OH 9 $11.61 18.93 $7.32
47-2061 GA 8 $8.33 13.43 $5.10
47-2061 WY 4 $12.25 15.61 $3.36
Nonfarm Animal Caretakers
39-2021 7 Total 1,612 $10.28 10.82 $0.54
39-2021 NY 639 $10.32 11.48 $1.16
39-2021 FL 448 $10.22 10.91 $0.69
39-2021 CA 106 $10.94 12.1 $1.17
39-2021 MD 98 $11.08 11.65 $0.57
39-2021 NM 48 $10.41 10.83 $0.42
39-2021 PA 41 $9.72 9.94 $0.22
39-2021 KY 40 $8.64 10.52 $1.88
39-2021 NJ 30 $10.94 11.74 $0.80
39-2021 TX 25 $9.34 10.21 $0.87
39-2021 IA 22 $9.10 11.32 $2.22
39-2021 MN 22 $9.55 9.9 $0.35
39-2021 OH 16 $9.08 10.22 $1.14
39-2021 MI 15 $10.96 10.43 -$0.53
39-2021 TN 13 $9.32 10.19 $0.87
39-2021 AZ 13 $9.41 10.67 $1.26
39-2021 DE 12 $11.64 10.5 -$1.14
39-2021 OK 8 $9.57 9.75 $0.18
39-2021 VT 5 $11.11 12.01 $0.90
39-2021 IN 4 $10.16 10.35 $0.19
39-2021 WA 4 $11.10 12.89 $1.79
39-2021 CO 3 $9.66 10.71 $1.05
Waiters and Waitresses
35-3031 8 Total 1,504 $9.82 10.04 $0.22
35-3031 FL 469 $10.52 10.21 -$0.31
35-3031 NY 251 $10.61 11 $0.39
35-3031 MA 176 $10.25 12.88 $2.63
35-3031 MI 174 $8.18 9.46 $1.28
35-3031 ME 58 $9.50 10.55 $1.05
35-3031 PA 53 $9.05 9.86 $0.81
35-3031 NC 47 $8.68 9.08 $0.40
35-3031 SC 44 $8.98 8.88 -$0.10
35-3031 SD 35 $8.48 8.59 $0.11
35-3031 NJ 33 $11.57 10.53 -$1.04
35-3031 MN 30 $8.09 9.14 $1.05
35-3031 NH 28 $8.53 10.06 $1.53
35-3031 CO 22 $8.38 10.34 $1.96
35-3031 CT 21 $10.00 10.45 $0.45
35-3031 AL 20 $8.27 8.92 $0.65
35-3031 ND 12 $8.17 10.01 $1.84
35-3031 IL 12 $10.68 10.25 -$0.43
35-3031 AR 11 $8.68 8.25 -$0.43
35-3031 TX 8 $8.48 9.51 $1.03
Coaches and Scouts
27-2022 9 Total 1,487 $17.18 18.08 $0.90
27-2022 CA 269 $20.75 20.26 -$0.49
27-2022 CT 248 $21.86 19.51 -$2.35
27-2022 NJ 223 $15.71 20.71 $5.00
27-2022 IL 220 $16.40 16.06 -$0.33
27-2022 MA 139 $19.18 19.36 $0.17
27-2022 NY 94 $14.33 21.02 $6.70
27-2022 TX 40 $8.63 19.77 $11.14
27-2022 RI 37 $16.65 19.44 $2.80
27-2022 ME 35 $11.10 10.34 -$0.76
27-2022 PA 31 $13.32 16.01 $2.69
27-2022 CO 20 $8.63 16.84 $8.21
27-2022 NH 18 $11.17 17.31 $6.14
27-2022 MD 17 $10.47 21.71 $11.24
27-2022 OH 16 $8.20 16.95 $8.75
27-2022 KS 15 $8.24 13.20 $4.96
27-2022 GA 15 $8.34 21.50 $13.16
27-2022 MI 13 $14.11 15.06 $0.95
27-2022 WI 8 $10.00 14.66 $4.66
27-2022 UT 8 $22.76 16.59 -$6.17
27-2022 WA 8 $10.75 18.13 $7.38
27-2022 NC 5 $8.96 18.71 $9.75
27-2022 FL 3 $23.24 23.37 $0.13
27-2022 MN 2 $17.84 14.88 -$2.96
27-2022 AR 1 $14.96 24.05 $9.09
27-2022 VA 1 $18.75 18.20 -$0.55
27-2022 MO 1 $8.24 14.95 $6.71
Fishers and Related Fishing Workers
45-3011 10 Total 1,241 $11.95 17.71 $5.76
45-3011 TX 845 $11.18 N/A N/A
45-3011 LA 323 $13.58 N/A N/A
45-3011 MS 35 $14.53 N/A N/A
45-3011 MD 17 $8.91 N/A N/A
45-3011 CA 12 $17.00 17.02 $0.02
45-3011 MA 5 $15.21 N/A N/A
45-3011 NJ 2 $11.31 N/A N/A
45-3011 FL 2 $16.75 N/A N/A
Packers and Packagers, Hand
53-7064 11 Total 1,027 $8.46 10.9 $2.44
53-7064 LA 644 $8.43 10.89 $2.46
53-7064 VA 150 $7.83 10.85 $3.02
53-7064 FL 51 $9.88 9.91 $0.03
53-7064 TX 46 $8.97 10.43 $1.46
53-7064 AL 43 $8.24 10.23 $1.99
53-7064 ME 28 $9.68 10.5 $0.82
53-7064 MO 25 $8.23 11.45 $3.22
53-7064 NC 23 $7.80 10.27 $2.47
53-7064 WY 10 $8.90 N/A N/A
53-7064 NY 4 $9.19 11.04 $1.85
53-7064 MD 3 $10.00 10.42 $0.42
Cooks, Restaurant
35-2014 12 Total 1,000 $11.58 11.27 -$0.31
35-2014 FL 379 $12.53 11.61 -$0.92
35-2014 MA 188 $12.55 13.47 $0.92
35-2014 ME 123 $10.36 11.79 $1.43
35-2014 MI 55 $10.24 10.69 $0.45
35-2014 SC 39 $9.50 9.57 $0.07
35-2014 AL 35 $8.82 9.98 $1.16
35-2014 NY 29 $12.80 12.92 $0.12
35-2014 NJ 20 $10.47 13.05 $2.58
35-2014 ND 19 $8.96 10.84 $1.88
35-2014 OH 18 $10.12 10.35 $0.23
35-2014 CO 17 $13.48 11.45 -$2.03
35-2014 NC 13 $10.49 10.26 -$0.23
35-2014 LA 11 $8.70 10.62 $1.92
35-2014 RI 10 $10.31 11.75 $1.44
35-2014 MO 10 $8.45 10.31 $1.86
35-2014 WY 6 $9.60 10.86 $1.26
35-2014 UT 6 $12.00 11.34 -$0.66
35-2014 VT 6 $13.33 13.08 -$0.25
35-2014 PA 5 $10.79 11.99 $1.20
35-2014 AR 5 $9.41 9.33 -$0.08
35-2014 TX 4 $8.71 10.37 $1.66
35-2014 VA 2 $12.30 11.72 -$0.58
Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers
33-9092 13 Total 973 $8.90 10.05 $1.15
33-9092 VA 529 $9.30 9.44 $0.14
33-9092 MD 428 $8.34 9.09 $0.75
33-9092 MA 10 $10.84 10.71 -$0.13
33-9092 FL 4 $9.77 10.8 $1.03
33-9092 SC 2 $10.00 8.94 -$1.06
Food Preparation Workers
35-2021 14 Total 787 $9.47 10.15 $0.68
35-2021 MA 217 $10.23 11.21 $0.98
35-2021 NY 80 $9.61 11.32 $1.71
35-2021 OK 57 $8.68 9.15 $0.47
35-2021 NJ 43 $8.22 10.54 $2.32
35-2021 RI 40 $8.79 11.5 $2.71
35-2021 FL 38 $10.56 10.25 -$0.31
35-2021 CO 35 $9.60 10.91 $1.31
35-2021 SD 30 $8.12 9.09 $0.97
35-2021 UT 30 $9.20 9.63 $0.43
35-2021 ME 27 $10.63 10.52 -$0.11
35-2021 MS 26 $8.26 8.54 $0.28
35-2021 VT 25 $10.56 11.05 $0.49
35-2021 MI 24 $9.51 10.34 $0.83
35-2021 TX 20 $8.89 9.48 $0.59
35-2021 SC 20 $8.46 9.56 $1.10
35-2021 NC 20 $8.21 9.76 $1.55
35-2021 NH 12 $9.00 10.83 $1.83
35-2021 LA 10 $9.00 8.53 -$0.47
35-2021 GA 10 $10.19 9.77 -$0.42
35-2021 IN 5 $8.90 9.4 $0.50
35-2021 VA 5 $8.20 10.13 $1.93
35-2021 PA 5 $10.18 10.29 $0.11
35-2021 MT 4 $8.28 9.86 $1.58
35-2021 MO 4 $9.00 9.48 $0.48
Dishwashers
35-9021 15 Total 755 $8.63 9.22 $0.59
35-9021 MI 266 $8.25 8.84 $0.59
35-9021 MA 139 $9.39 10.23 $0.84
35-9021 NC 60 $8.42 8.65 $0.23
35-9021 ME 52 $8.70 8.97 $0.27
35-9021 MD 47 $8.12 8.76 $0.64
35-9021 PA 40 $8.09 9 $0.91
35-9021 NJ 37 $8.25 9.48 $1.23
35-9021 FL 37 $9.29 9.17 -$0.12
35-9021 CO 31 $8.82 9.42 $0.60
35-9021 NY 17 $9.22 9.31 $0.09
35-9021 AZ 10 $9.04 9.37 $0.33
35-9021 VT 8 $9.99 9.97 -$0.02
35-9021 TX 6 $8.58 8.63 $0.05
35-9021 UT 5 $10.00 8.65 -$1.35

Note: All values are in 2013 dollars.

SOC stands for Standard Occupational Classification system used by federal agencies to classify workers into occupational categories.

Source: EPI analysis of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Employment Statistics and (for top 15 H-2B occupations) of H-2B disclosure data from the Office of Foreign Labor Certification's Performance Data

View the underlying data on epi.org.