The Affordable Care Act significantly reduced uninsured rates across racial and ethnic groups, but disparities remain: Uninsured rates by race and ethnicity, 2008–2024
| Year | White | Black | Hispanic | AIAN | AAPI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 10.2% | 17.1% | 30.8% | 29.8% | 14.2% |
| 2009 | 10.7% | 18.1% | 31.0% | 29.2% | 14.9% |
| 2010 | 10.9% | 18.2% | 30.9% | 29.2% | 15.7% |
| 2011 | 10.7% | 17.7% | 29.8% | 27.6% | 15.4% |
| 2012 | 10.4% | 17.3% | 29.0% | 27.4% | 15.1% |
| 2013 | 10.2% | 17.1% | 28.4% | 26.9% | 14.7% |
| 2014 | 8.1% | 13.6% | 23.5% | 23.1% | 10.7% |
| 2015 | 6.3% | 11.0% | 19.5% | 20.7% | 7.9% |
| 2016 | 5.7% | 9.7% | 18.0% | 19.2% | 6.9% |
| 2017 | 5.9% | 10.0% | 17.8% | 19.3% | 6.8% |
| 2018 | 6.0% | 10.1% | 17.9% | 19.1% | 6.5% |
| 2019 | 6.3% | 10.1% | 18.7% | 19.1% | 6.8% |
| 2020 | |||||
| 2021 | 5.7% | 9.6% | 17.7% | 19.6% | 6.0% |
| 2022 | 5.3% | 8.7% | 16.8% | 18.5% | 5.7% |
| 2023 | 5.1% | 8.5% | 16.6% | 18.3% | 5.5% |
| 2024 | 5.3% | 8.9% | 17.0% | 18.9% | 5.4% |
Notes: AIAN refers to American Indian and Alaska Native. AAPI refers to Asian American and Pacific Islander. Race and ethnicity categories are mutually exclusive (i.e., white non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, Asian non-Hispanic, AIAN non-Hispanic, and Hispanic any race). Data for 2020 are not available as a result of disruptions to data collection stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement, Health Insurance Historical Tables, Table HIC-9_ACS.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Surveys 2008 to 2024. “Table HIC-9_ACS. Population Without Health Insurance Coverage by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2008 to 2024” [Excel file] in Health Insurance Historical Tables – HHI Series, Last Accessed September 2025.