Persistently elevated AIAN, Black, and Hispanic child poverty rates have thwarted progress reducing overall child poverty in the U.S.: Child poverty rates, by race and ethnicity, 1974–2024

Year All White Black Hispanic AIAN Asian
1974 15.4% 9.5% 39.8%
1975 17.1% 10.8% 41.7%
1976 16.0% 9.8% 40.6% 30.2%
1977 16.2% 9.9% 41.8% 28.3%
1978 15.9% 9.6% 41.5% 27.6%
1979 16.4% 10.1% 41.2% 28.0%
1980 18.3% 11.8% 42.3% 33.2%
1981 20.0% 12.9% 45.2% 35.9%
1982 21.9% 14.4% 47.6% 39.5%
1983 22.3% 14.8% 46.7% 38.1%
1984 21.5% 13.7% 46.6% 39.2%
1985 20.7% 12.8% 43.6% 40.3%
1986 20.5% 13.0% 43.1% 37.7%
1987 20.3% 11.8% 45.1% 39.3% 23.5%
1988 19.5% 11.0% 43.5% 37.6% 24.1%
1989 19.6% 11.5% 43.7% 36.2% 36.0% 19.8%
1990 20.6% 12.3% 44.8% 38.4% 36.2% 17.6%
1991 21.8% 13.1% 45.9% 40.4% 37.6% 17.5%
1992 22.3% 13.2% 46.6% 40.0% 39.6% 16.4%
1993 22.7% 13.6% 46.1% 40.9% 38.3% 18.2%
1994 21.8% 12.5% 43.8% 41.5% 36.1% 18.3%
1995 20.8% 11.2% 41.9% 40.0% 37.5% 19.5%
1996 20.5% 11.1% 39.9% 40.3% 40.4% 19.5%
1997 19.9% 11.4% 37.2% 36.8% 40.2% 20.3%
1998 18.9% 10.6% 36.7% 34.4% 38.0% 18.0%
1999 17.1% 9.4% 33.2% 30.3% 36.9% 11.9%
2000 16.2% 9.1% 31.2% 28.4% 34.2% 12.7%
2001 16.3% 9.5% 30.2% 28.0% 32.2% 11.5%
2002 16.7% 9.4% 32.3% 28.6% 30.2% 11.7%
2003 17.6% 9.8% 34.1% 29.7% 30.8% 12.5%
2004 17.8% 10.5% 33.7% 28.9% 31.0% 9.9%
2005 17.6% 10.0% 34.5% 28.3% 30.9% 11.1%
2006 17.4% 10.0% 33.4% 26.9% 33.8% 12.2%
2007 18.0% 10.1% 34.5% 28.6% 32.5% 12.5%
2008 19.0% 10.6% 34.7% 30.6% 34.0% 14.6%
2009 20.7% 11.9% 35.7% 33.1% 32.8% 14.0%
2010 22.0% 12.3% 39.0% 34.9% 37.1% 14.4%
2011 21.9% 12.5% 38.8% 34.1% 37.5% 13.5%
2012 21.8% 12.3% 37.9% 33.8% 40.8% 13.8%
2013 20.7% 12.1% 36.0% 31.7% 38.7% 12.4%
2014 21.1% 12.3% 37.1% 31.9% 37.8% 14.0%
2015 19.7% 12.1% 32.9% 28.9% 33.0% 12.3%
2016 18.0% 10.8% 30.8% 26.6% 30.5% 11.1%
2017 17.5% 10.6% 29.7% 25.0% 28.1% 10.9%
2018 16.2% 8.9% 29.5% 23.7% 27.2% 11.3%
2019 14.4% 8.3% 26.4% 20.9% 25.9% 7.3%
2020 16.0% 9.9% 27.6% 23.1% 25.0% 8.4%
2021 15.3% 8.8% 27.3% 22.4% 25.5% 8.8%
2022 15.0% 9.7% 22.3% 21.7% 30.7% 8.8%
2023 15.3% 8.7% 25.0% 22.5% 31.8% 11.6%
2024 14.3% 8.2% 25.4% 20.2% 30.5% 6.4%
Economic Policy Institute

Notes: AIAN refers to American Indian and Alaska Native. All race categories are single race and do not distinguish Hispanic ethnicity from non-Hispanic ethnicity, except for white, which is exclusive of Hispanic ethnicity (i.e., non-Hispanic white alone, Black alone, AIAN alone, and Asian alone). Hispanic can be of any race. AIAN data are 3-year pooled averages to account for sample size restrictions. Please see Appendix Table 1 for 1-year estimates. 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey Poverty in the United States, Table A-3.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey–Annual Social and Economic Supplements 1959 to 2024. “Table A-3. Poverty Status of People by Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1959 to 2024” (Excel table) from Poverty in the United States: 2024, September 2025.

View the underlying data on epi.org.