Share of the workforce represented by a union, by sector and state, 1989 and 2017
| 1989 | 2017 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Private sector | State and local government | Private sector | State and local government |
| Alabama | 12.4% | 29.6% | 5.0% | 25.0% |
| Alaska | 14.2% | 55.7% | 9.3% | 53.0% |
| Arizona | 5.6% | 25.2% | 2.5% | 21.1% |
| Arkansas | 9.9% | 20.4% | 4.8% | 12.1% |
| California | 14.9% | 59.9% | 9.2% | 61.2% |
| Colorado | 7.4% | 28.1% | 7.9% | 24.4% |
| Connecticut | 12.9% | 68.8% | 8.9% | 68.3% |
| Delaware | 13.0% | 42.0% | 6.6% | 44.6% |
| Florida | 4.9% | 35.3% | 3.4% | 28.8% |
| Georgia | 8.4% | 17.3% | 3.2% | 13.1% |
| Hawaii | 22.2% | 76.5% | 16.1% | 64.3% |
| Idaho | 9.2% | 20.3% | 3.7% | 16.6% |
| Illinois | 17.9% | 50.6% | 10.4% | 53.6% |
| Indiana | 21.3% | 28.8% | 7.2% | 27.8% |
| Iowa | 13.9% | 39.8% | 4.6% | 26.6% |
| Kansas | 11.7% | 23.4% | 7.0% | 24.0% |
| Kentucky | 14.2% | 25.0% | 10.6% | 23.5% |
| Louisiana | 7.2% | 22.4% | 3.6% | 12.5% |
| Maine | 9.4% | 56.2% | 6.0% | 65.3% |
| Maryland | 11.5% | 52.8% | 5.4% | 43.8% |
| Massachusetts | 11.5% | 65.3% | 6.7% | 59.0% |
| Michigan | 21.4% | 63.0% | 12.0% | 52.0% |
| Minnesota | 15.3% | 55.9% | 9.9% | 54.8% |
| Mississippi | 7.8% | 13.5% | 4.8% | 13.6% |
| Missouri | 14.8% | 25.9% | 8.2% | 20.1% |
| Montana | 13.2% | 47.1% | 6.8% | 39.9% |
| Nebraska | 10.7% | 43.9% | 4.7% | 32.2% |
| Nevada | 16.6% | 49.2% | 10.6% | 45.2% |
| New Hampshire | 8.1% | 48.5% | 5.1% | 59.0% |
| New Jersey | 18.0% | 65.2% | 9.2% | 66.1% |
| New Mexico | 7.8% | 16.2% | 4.5% | 22.2% |
| New York | 20.2% | 73.1% | 16.2% | 73.1% |
| North Carolina | 4.5% | 17.7% | 2.7% | 10.1% |
| North Dakota | 7.9% | 33.4% | 4.4% | 19.6% |
| Ohio | 18.3% | 51.0% | 8.7% | 46.9% |
| Oklahoma | 7.7% | 28.4% | 4.3% | 18.7% |
| Oregon | 17.4% | 61.2% | 8.8% | 57.3% |
| Pennsylvania | 18.0% | 61.0% | 7.9% | 57.9% |
| Rhode Island | 11.7% | 72.7% | 9.1% | 71.1% |
| South Carolina | 3.9% | 10.2% | 2.3% | 10.8% |
| South Dakota | 6.0% | 35.7% | 3.1% | 22.8% |
| Tennessee | 12.0% | 25.7% | 4.0% | 18.6% |
| Texas | 6.2% | 19.7% | 3.3% | 17.4% |
| Utah | 7.7% | 34.9% | 3.3% | 14.7% |
| Vermont | 7.9% | 55.0% | 4.7% | 53.5% |
| Virginia | 8.0% | 23.6% | 3.0% | 17.3% |
| Washington | 20.4% | 54.7% | 13.0% | 60.1% |
| Washington D.C. | 13.9% | 50.1% | 6.7% | 41.7% |
| West Virginia | 19.1% | 32.9% | 8.1% | 29.1% |
| Wisconsin | 16.4% | 53.0% | 7.1% | 21.5% |
| Wyoming | 11.5% | 27.8% | 4.7% | 13.2% |
Source: EPI analysis of Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group and May Extract microdata