Average share of overall income growth captured by the top 1% and bottom 99%, pre- and post-1979 economic expansions
| Rank (by share of growth captured by top 1% in post-1979 expansions) | Average share of growth captured by top 1% | Average share of growth captured by bottom 99% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State/region | Pre-1979 expansions | Post-1979 expansions | Pre-1979 expansions | Post-1979 expansions | |
| 1 | Nevada | 11.6% | 130.1% | 88.4% | -30.1% |
| 2 | Delaware | -8.1% | 110.9% | 108.1% | -10.9% |
| 3 | Florida | 15.2% | 110.8% | 84.8% | -10.8% |
| 4 | Washington | 10.8% | 91.8% | 89.2% | 8.2% |
| 5 | Connecticut | 16.5% | 90.1% | 83.5% | 9.9% |
| 6 | Missouri | 8.4% | 88.5% | 91.6% | 11.5% |
| 7 | California | 9.2% | 85.4% | 90.8% | 14.6% |
| 8 | Colorado | 6.4% | 82.6% | 93.6% | 17.4% |
| 9 | South Carolina | 10.5% | 77.6% | 89.5% | 22.4% |
| 10 | North Carolina | 11.0% | 73.9% | 89.0% | 26.1% |
| 11 | Wyoming | 3.0% | 71.0% | 97.0% | 29.0% |
| 12 | New York | -6.4% | 70.7% | 106.4% | 29.3% |
| 13 | Illinois | 12.3% | 67.0% | 87.7% | 33.0% |
| 14 | Texas | 11.0% | 65.1% | 89.0% | 34.9% |
| 15 | Massachusetts | 20.1% | 63.8% | 79.9% | 36.2% |
| 16 | Utah | 7.9% | 62.0% | 92.1% | 38.0% |
| 17 | Idaho | 6.5% | 62.0% | 93.5% | 38.0% |
| 18 | Pennsylvania | 7.1% | 61.0% | 92.9% | 39.0% |
| 19 | Arizona | 11.1% | 60.8% | 88.9% | 39.2% |
| 20 | Oregon | 6.6% | 59.9% | 93.4% | 40.1% |
| 21 | Louisiana | 14.3% | 58.6% | 85.7% | 41.4% |
| 22 | Georgia | 11.1% | 58.1% | 88.9% | 41.9% |
| 23 | Alabama | 7.8% | 57.3% | 92.2% | 42.7% |
| 24 | Tennessee | 8.6% | 57.1% | 91.4% | 42.9% |
| 25 | Virginia | 7.3% | 56.0% | 92.7% | 44.0% |
| 26 | Alaska | 14.1% | 51.5% | 85.9% | 48.5% |
| 27 | Oklahoma | 10.0% | 50.4% | 90.0% | 49.6% |
| 28 | Kansas | 10.3% | 50.3% | 89.7% | 49.7% |
| 29 | Rhode Island | 16.7% | 50.1% | 83.3% | 49.9% |
| 30 | New Jersey | 14.0% | 49.7% | 86.0% | 50.3% |
| 31 | Nebraska | 13.9% | 47.9% | 86.1% | 52.1% |
| 32 | Michigan | 7.7% | 46.5% | 92.3% | 53.5% |
| 33 | New Hampshire | 6.4% | 45.0% | 93.6% | 55.0% |
| 34 | Maryland | 7.1% | 44.8% | 92.9% | 55.2% |
| 35 | Wisconsin | 9.0% | 44.5% | 91.0% | 55.5% |
| 36 | Arkansas | 4.6% | 44.1% | 95.4% | 55.9% |
| 37 | Ohio | 8.7% | 43.7% | 91.3% | 56.3% |
| 38 | Kentucky | 7.0% | 41.3% | 93.0% | 58.7% |
| 39 | South Dakota | 5.8% | 40.6% | 94.2% | 59.4% |
| 40 | Minnesota | 10.0% | 40.5% | 90.0% | 59.5% |
| 41 | Montana | 6.1% | 40.4% | 93.9% | 59.6% |
| 42 | Indiana | 7.4% | 40.3% | 92.6% | 59.7% |
| 43 | Vermont | 7.6% | 37.3% | 92.4% | 62.7% |
| 44 | Iowa | 9.2% | 36.4% | 90.8% | 63.6% |
| 45 | Maine | 6.8% | 36.1% | 93.2% | 63.9% |
| 46 | Hawaii | 6.0% | 32.9% | 94.0% | 67.1% |
| 47 | Mississippi | 9.5% | 29.0% | 90.5% | 71.0% |
| 48 | West Virginia | 3.9% | 23.1% | 96.1% | 76.9% |
| 49 | North Dakota | -7.8% | 23.0% | 107.8% | 77.0% |
| 50 | New Mexico | 10.0% | 17.8% | 90.0% | 82.2% |
| 18* | District of Columbia | 11.5% | 61.9% | 88.5% | 38.1% |
| United States | 9.5% | 64.0% | 90.5% | 36.0% | |
| Northeast | 13.9% | 60.8% | 86.1% | 39.2% | |
| Midwest | 8.8% | 50.4% | 91.2% | 49.6% | |
| South | 10.4% | 58.9% | 89.6% | 41.1% | |
| West | 8.7% | 81.3% | 91.3% | 18.7% | |
* Rank of the District of Columbia if it were ranked with the 50 states
Note: Certain expansions in the following states were excluded from the analysis because overall income growth was negative while top 1 percent incomes grew and bottom 99 percent incomes fell: Alaska (1982–1990), Colorado (1982–1990), Delaware (1975–1979), District of Columbia (1975–1979), Hawaii (1970–1973), Hawaii (1975–1979), Hawaii (1991–2000), Louisiana (1982–1990), Michigan (2001–2007), Montana (1982–1990), Nevada (2009–2012), New Mexico (1982–1990), Oklahoma (1982–1990), Texas (1982–1990), and Wyoming (1982–1990). The 1975–1979 economic expansion produced three additional outliers in New York, Maryland, and Montana, where there were slight gains in overall income but declines in income for the bottom 99 percent. As a result, the top 1 percent share of overall income growth was 1248 percent in New York, 301 percent in Maryland, and 301 percent in Montana. These figures raised the average share of growth captured by the top 1 percent during pre-1979 expansions from -6 percent to 203 percent in New York, from 7 percent to 56 percent in Maryland, and from 6 percent to 55 percent in Montana. We thus eliminated these three states from the analysis in Table 6. The expansion from 2009 to 2012 was dropped for Wyoming because we can’t currently reliably calculate the change in overall income in Wyoming. Data from the above states were all included in the calculation of trends by region.
Source: Authors' analysis of state-level tax data from Sommeiller (2006) extended to 2012 using state-level data from the Internal Revenue Service SOI Tax Stats (various years), and Piketty and Saez (2012)