Characteristics of Baltimore workers who would be affected by increasing the minimum wage to $15 by 2020
| Directly affected2 | Indirectly affected workers3 | Total affected | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Estimated workforce1 | Share of workforce | Count | Share of category | Count | Share of category | Count | Share of category | Share of the total affected | Cumulative change in annual wages of affected workers4 | Average share of total family income earned by affected workers | Count of affected workers who are sole providers of family income | Share of affected workers who are sole providers of family income |
| Total | 363,000 | 100.0% | 75,000 | 20.8% | 23,000 | 6.3% | 98,000 | 27.1% | 100.0% | $431,304,000 | 54.6% | 33,000 | 33.1% |
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Female | 190,000 | 52.5% | 42,000 | 22.1% | 12,000 | 6.4% | 54,000 | 28.5% | 55.3% | $231,839,000 | 54.0% | 17,000 | 32.0% |
| Male | 172,000 | 47.5% | 33,000 | 19.3% | 11,000 | 6.2% | 44,000 | 25.4% | 44.7% | $199,466,000 | 55.5% | 15,000 | 34.5% |
| Age | |||||||||||||
| Age 20+ | 355,000 | 98.0% | 71,000 | 20.0% | 23,000 | 6.4% | 94,000 | 26.4% | 95.7% | $410,189,000 | 56.0% | 32,000 | 34.1% |
| Teenagers | 7,000 | 2.0% | 4,000 | 58.8% | 0 | 0.0% | 4,000 | 58.8% | 4.3% | $21,116,000 | 24.7% | 0 | 11.7% |
| Less than age 25 | 35,000 | 9.8% | 17,000 | 49.1% | 3,000 | 8.1% | 20,000 | 57.2% | 20.7% | $85,309,000 | 45.0% | 6,000 | 29.6% |
| Age 25 to 39 | 135,000 | 37.2% | 32,000 | 23.6% | 10,000 | 7.7% | 42,000 | 31.3% | 43.0% | $180,534,000 | 55.5% | 14,000 | 33.8% |
| Age 40 to 54 | 117,000 | 32.3% | 16,000 | 13.8% | 6,000 | 5.3% | 22,000 | 19.1% | 22.8% | $103,917,000 | 61.6% | 8,000 | 36.9% |
| Age 55+ | 75,000 | 20.7% | 10,000 | 13.1% | 3,000 | 4.5% | 13,000 | 17.7% | 13.5% | $61,544,000 | 54.9% | 4,000 | 30.0% |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| White | 169,000 | 46.6% | 23,000 | 13.4% | 8,000 | 4.6% | 31,000 | 18.0% | 31.0% | $129,826,000 | 54.1% | 10,000 | 34.0% |
| Black | 149,000 | 41.0% | 41,000 | 27.5% | 12,000 | 8.2% | 53,000 | 35.8% | 54.2% | $230,875,000 | 53.8% | 16,000 | 29.8% |
| Hispanic | 19,000 | 5.3% | 6,000 | 33.3% | 2,000 | 9.3% | 8,000 | 42.6% | 8.3% | $39,659,000 | 55.2% | 3,000 | 41.4% |
| Asian | 20,000 | 5.4% | 4,000 | 20.6% | 1,000 | 4.8% | 5,000 | 25.4% | 5.1% | $24,014,000 | 58.3% | 2,000 | 37.7% |
| Other | 6,000 | 1.7% | 1,000 | 21.0% | 0 | 1.8% | 1,000 | 22.8% | 1.5% | $6,930,000 | 83.1% | 1,000 | 75.2% |
| Education | |||||||||||||
| Less than high school | 27,000 | 7.5% | 12,000 | 44.0% | 2,000 | 7.6% | 14,000 | 51.5% | 14.4% | $80,475,000 | 47.2% | 3,000 | 22.8% |
| High school | 87,000 | 24.0% | 24,000 | 28.1% | 8,000 | 9.0% | 32,000 | 37.1% | 32.9% | $145,151,000 | 55.7% | 11,000 | 33.3% |
| Some college | 65,000 | 17.8% | 18,000 | 27.2% | 4,000 | 6.2% | 22,000 | 33.4% | 21.9% | $83,228,000 | 54.8% | 8,000 | 35.8% |
| Associate degree | 24,000 | 6.8% | 5,000 | 21.2% | 2,000 | 7.8% | 7,000 | 29.0% | 7.2% | $25,595,000 | 59.3% | 3,000 | 37.9% |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 159,000 | 43.9% | 16,000 | 10.1% | 4.4% | 23,000 | 14.5% | 23.6% | $96,855,000 | 56.2% | 8,000 | 35.3% | |
| Family status | |||||||||||||
| Married parent | 94,000 | 26.0% | 10,000 | 10.9% | 3,000 | 3.6% | 13,000 | 14.4% | 13.9% | $65,078,000 | 33.8% | 1,000 | 5.7% |
| Single parent | 45,000 | 12.5% | 11,000 | 23.7% | 4,000 | 9.6% | 15,000 | 33.3% | 15.4% | $59,517,000 | 69.0% | 6,000 | 39.9% |
| Married, no children | 67,000 | 18.5% | 9,000 | 13.5% | 3,000 | 4.8% | 12,000 | 18.3% | 12.5% | $50,656,000 | 40.5% | 1,000 | 6.9% |
| Single, no children | 156,000 | 42.9% | 45,000 | 29.0% | 12,000 | 7.7% | 57,000 | 36.7% | 58.2% | $256,053,000 | 58.8% | 25,000 | 43.5% |
| Hourly status | |||||||||||||
| Part time (<20 hours) | 17,000 | 4.7% | 6,000 | 36.7% | 1,000 | 7.5% | 7,000 | 44.2% | 7.7% | $10,672,000 | 37.5% | 2,000 | 27.2% |
| Mid time (20–34 hours) | 36,000 | 9.9% | 16,000 | 45.9% | 2,000 | 4.7% | 18,000 | 50.5% | 18.5% | $69,974,000 | 36.1% | 4,000 | 20.7% |
| Full time (35+ hours) | 310,000 | 85.4% | 53,000 | 17.0% | 20,000 | 6.4% | 73,000 | 23.4% | 73.8% | $350,660,000 | 61.1% | 27,000 | 36.9% |
| Sector | |||||||||||||
| Federal government | 21,000 | 5.8% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% |
| For profit | 210,000 | 57.8% | 57,000 | 27.2% | 16,000 | 7.7% | 73,000 | 34.9% | 74.5% | $322,737,000 | 52.9% | 24,000 | 32.2% |
| Local government | 31,000 | 8.5% | 5,000 | 15.5% | 1,000 | 4.1% | 6,000 | 19.7% | 6.2% | $21,843,000 | 59.4% | 2,000 | 39.4% |
| Non profit | 70,000 | 19.2% | 13,000 | 19.3% | 5,000 | 7.8% | 18,000 | 27.2% | 19.3% | $86,726,000 | 59.9% | 7,000 | 34.7% |
| State government | 32,000 | 8.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% |
| Industry | |||||||||||||
| Construction | 20,000 | 5.4% | 2,000 | 11.0% | 2,000 | 11.8% | 4,000 | 22.9% | 4.6% | $11,360,000 | 56.2% | 2,000 | 34.1% |
| Manufacturing | 17,000 | 4.8% | 4,000 | 20.3% | 1,000 | 4.6% | 5,000 | 25.0% | 4.4% | $21,653,000 | 42.9% | 1,000 | 15.7% |
| Retail trade | 22,000 | 6.1% | 12,000 | 52.7% | 2,000 | 8.8% | 14,000 | 61.5% | 13.8% | $60,720,000 | 51.9% | 4,000 | 31.4% |
| Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 15,000 | 4.1% | 2,000 | 15.3% | 1,000 | 7.7% | 3,000 | 23.1% | 3.5% | $17,198,000 | 52.5% | 1,000 | 31.7% |
| Finance, insurance, and real estate | 17,000 | 4.7% | 2,000 | 10.3% | 2,000 | 11.3% | 4,000 | 21.6% | 3.7% | $10,538,000 | 58.0% | 1,000 | 39.6% |
| Professional, scientific, and management | 25,000 | 6.8% | 2,000 | 10.1% | 1,000 | 2.3% | 3,000 | 12.4% | 3.1% | $10,628,000 | 41.8% | 0 | 9.7% |
| Administrative and waste management services | 11,000 | 3.1% | 5,000 | 42.2% | 0 | 4.0% | 5,000 | 46.2% | 5.3% | $30,116,000 | 39.7% | 1,000 | 19.1% |
| Educational | 50,000 | 13.7% | 8,000 | 15.6% | 2,000 | 5.0% | 10,000 | 20.6% | 10.4% | $40,400,000 | 55.6% | 4,000 | 38.2% |
| Ambulatory care | 13,000 | 3.5% | 3,000 | 26.8% | 1,000 | 7.1% | 4,000 | 33.9% | 4.4% | $19,343,000 | 62.0% | 1,000 | 33.9% |
| Residential care, social assistance, and child day care services | 21,000 | 5.9% | 6,000 | 30.3% | 2,000 | 9.7% | 8,000 | 40.0% | 8.7% | $33,169,000 | 49.9% | 2,000 | 18.1% |
| Hospitals | 54,000 | 14.8% | 7,000 | 12.9% | 3,000 | 6.0% | 10,000 | 19.0% | 10.4% | $42,599,000 | 65.5% | 5,000 | 44.4% |
| Accommodation and restaurants | 22,000 | 6.1% | 12,000 | 53.1% | 2,000 | 9.7% | 14,000 | 62.9% | 14.1% | $63,529,000 | 55.0% | 6,000 | 40.3% |
| Other services | 15,000 | 4.2% | 5,000 | 34.3% | 1,000 | 7.5% | 6,000 | 41.8% | 6.6% | $40,953,000 | 58.3% | 2,000 | 37.5% |
| Public administration | 40,000 | 11.2% | 1,000 | 2.9% | 0 | 0.3% | 1,000 | 3.1% | 1.3% | $2,385,000 | 93.4% | 1,000 | 86.9% |
| Missing/other | 20,000 | 5.6% | 4,000 | 19.8% | 2,000 | 7.9% | 6,000 | 27.6% | 5.7% | $26,711,000 | 55.1% | 2,000 | 30.2% |
| Poverty status | |||||||||||||
| In poverty | 20,000 | 5.5% | 12,000 | 60.5% | 1,000 | 5.5% | 13,000 | 66.0% | 13.5% | $68,872,000 | 80.1% | 8,000 | 64.1% |
| 101–200% poverty | 37,000 | 10.2% | 21,000 | 56.7% | 3,000 | 9.1% | 24,000 | 65.8% | 24.8% | $126,194,000 | 67.1% | 10,000 | 41.5% |
| 201–400% poverty | 103,000 | 28.5% | 26,000 | 24.9% | 12,000 | 11.4% | 38,000 | 36.3% | 38.3% | $151,884,000 | 57.4% | 13,000 | 34.6% |
| 400%+ poverty | 201,000 | 55.3% | 16,000 | 8.1% | 7,000 | 3.3% | 23,000 | 11.4% | 23.2% | $83,689,000 | 22.5% | 1,000 | 4.1% |
| Missing poverty status* | 1,000 | 0.4% | 0 | 13.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 13.1% | 0.2% | $666,000 | 0.0% | 0 | |
| Family income | |||||||||||||
| Less than $25,000 | 25,000 | 6.8% | 16,000 | 64.9% | 1,000 | 5.2% | 17,000 | 70.1% | 17.5% | $105,130,000 | 79.7% | 11,000 | 61.3% |
| $25,000–$49,999 | 56,000 | 15.4% | 21,000 | 38.2% | 7,000 | 12.3% | 28,000 | 50.4% | 28.7% | $116,348,000 | 69.0% | 13,000 | 44.5% |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 64,000 | 17.7% | 12,000 | 19.0% | 5,000 | 7.7% | 17,000 | 26.7% | 17.4% | $71,036,000 | 49.2% | 3,000 | 18.0% |
| $75,000–$99,999 | 61,000 | 16.9% | 10,000 | 16.9% | 4,000 | 7.2% | 14,000 | 24.0% | 15.0% | $51,698,000 | 46.6% | 4,000 | 26.7% |
| $100,000–$149,999 | 83,000 | 22.8% | 11,000 | 13.2% | 4,000 | 4.8% | 15,000 | 18.0% | 15.2% | $63,570,000 | 26.8% | 2,000 | 11.6% |
| $150,000 or more | 74,000 | 20.4% | 5,000 | 6.2% | 1,000 | 2.0% | 6,000 | 8.2% | 6.2% | $23,523,000 | 19.9% | 1,000 | 11.6% |
| Number of children | At least one parent directly affected | Share of children with at least one parent directly affected | At least one parent indirectly affected | Share of children with at least one parent indirectly affected | At least one parent affected | Share of children with at least one parent affected | |||||||
| Children | 1,190,000 | 252,000 | 21.2% | 77,000 | 6.5% | 329,000 | 27.6% | ||||||
1 Total estimated workers is estimated from the American Community Survey respondents who were 16 years old or older, employed, but not self-employed, and for whom a valid hourly wage can be imputed from annual wage earnings, usual hours worked per week, and weeks worked in the previous year. All government workers are excluded, except those who work for "local government," who are presumed to work for the City of Baltimore and are therefore subject to the minimum-wage proposal.
2 Directly affected workers will see their wages rise, as the new minimum-wage rate will exceed their current hourly pay.
3 Indirectly affected workers have a wage rate just above the new minimum wage (between the new minimum wage and 115 percent of the new minimum). They will receive a raise as employer pay scales are adjusted upward to reflect the new minimum wage.
4 Total amount of increased annual wages for directly and indirectly affected workers. Values in each step are cumulative of preceding steps.
Note: Some workers indirectly affected in earlier steps will be directly affected in later steps; thus, the step-three demographics describe all workers affected as a result of the increases. Wage increase totals are the sums of all steps, as indicated.
Note: Assumed annual working-age population growth is 0.15 percent (2015–2020 annualized labor force growth rate projections from Maryland Department of Planning. Assumed annual nominal wage growth is 2.57 percent from 2014 to 2018 (Maryland average annual wage growth of bottom 20 percent of wage earners from 2013 to 2015, according to CPS ORG). In subsequent steps, wages are assumed to grow at the projected pace of national consumer price inflation, per the Congressional Budget Office Economic Projections (2.39 percent and 2.42 percent in 2019 and 2020, respectively). These increases only reflect the result of the proposed change in the minimum wage of Baltimore. Wage changes resulting from the scheduled changes to the Maryland state minimum-wage law are accounted for in the simulation.
Source: EPI analysis of Baltimore City Council Bill 16-0655 using 2014 American Community Survey microdata